Posidonia oceanica is a Mediterranean seagrass of high ecological value and a priority target for restoration. Its floating fruits, dispersed by surface currents and wind, are a key natural mechanism for seed-based recolonization. However, empirical data on fruit dispersal dynamics remain limited. This dataset supports an experimental study conducted at the Kristineberg Marine Research Station (University of Gothenburg), where P. oceanica fruits were exposed to combinations of laminar current velocities, wind speeds, and wind directions in a controlled flume system. The data include morphological traits of individual fruits (length, width, weight, density) and their observed surface transport velocities under various hydrodynamic scenarios. These results can inform dispersal modeling and guide seed collection efforts for large-scale seagrass restoration. The study was funded by AQUASERV under EU Grant No. 101131121.