The presented datasets were collected within the mPRIME study, a prospective, observational study of the H2020 project Prevention and Remediation of Insulin Multimorbidity in Europe (PRIME) (grant No. 847879). The study investigates the interaction of insulin resistance with cognition, lifestyle, and mental health by combining traditional methods with ambulatory assessment and sensor-based data collection. Recruitment took place between March 2021 and March 2023 at the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany.

The eligibility criteria for the study were as follows: Age above 18 years, no intake of antidiabetic medication, insulin or glucocorticoids, no existing type 1 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes, no diagnoses of bipolar I disorder, schizophrenia, organically caused mental disorders and substance dependence, no severe neurological disorders, no current pregnancy or breastfeeding, no non-correctable visual impairments, no participation in medication-related studies within the last 6 months, no use of weight-reducing medications or a diet within the last 3 months, sufficient proficiency in German to complete questionnaires and neuropsychological tests.

All participants in the mPRIME study provided written informed consent. The study protocol and procedures were approved by the local ethics committee.

Study Design

Individuals completed a baseline assessment and a one-week ambulatory assessment. The baseline assessment included: socio-demographic information, blood samples, anthropometric measures, neuropsychological tests, and several questionnaires. In addition, individuals were introduced to smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA), food protocols, and the use of sensors (continuous glucose monitor, accelerometer). Food protocols and EMA were conducted on three consecutive days, including two weekdays and one weekend day (Thursday to Saturday or Sunday to Tuesday). Several times a day, individuals were prompted via their smartphone to complete a working memory task and answer questions about stress, affect, and food intake. The continuous glucose monitor and accelerometer were worn continuously for 1 week.