Stabilized quantum field theory

An alternative to renormalization in quantum field theory is developed for the free and interacting fields.

For the free fields, we develop a model of the vacuum that includes two components for each particle of the Standard Model that oppose one another such that its net energy and charge are zero.

For the interacting fields, if one requires energy conservation ab initio for an irreducible radiative correction (IRC) in addition to conserving four-momentum at each vertex, then the desired finite scattering amplitude may be obtained without renormalization of bare parameters. To create ultrahigh-energy virtual particles in an IRC, we assume that radiative corrections borrow energy from the vacuum leaving a deficit. This results in two physically significant vacuum components, the borrowed energy and a deficit, such that the net vacuum energy and charge remain zero. Two additional mass states are constructed in which the physical particle's mass is dressed with positive and negative vacuum energy, this yields two additional Feynman diagrams that cancel the infinite part in the IRC amplitude, and the total scattering amplitude is equivalent to that obtained by renormalization. A complete system consisting of a real particle (fermion or boson) and two-component vacuum remains on the mass shell even in the presence of self-interactions. 

This paper has implications for dark matter, dark energy, and the evolution of the universe; See companion paper:

Vacuum energy redistribution in a cyclic universe of black holes, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.12660047