Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis – literature review

POKORA, Szymon, POKORA, Karolina, POLOCZEK, Alicja and SZCZERBA, Jakub. Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis – literature review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2024;56:83-96. eISSN 2391-8306. https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.56.006

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/47973

https://zenodo.org/records/10607941

The journal has had 40 points in Minister of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of 05.01.2024 No. 32318. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical culture sciences (Field of medical and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of medical and health sciences).

Punkty Ministerialne 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 05.01.2024 Lp. 32318. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe:  Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).© The Authors 2024;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

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Received: 10.01.2024. Revised: 27.01.2024. Accepted: 02.02.2024. Published: 02.02.2024.

Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis – literature review

Szymon Pokora (1) 0000-0002-1250-6282

Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny nr 5 im. św. Barbary w Sosnowcu

Karolina Pokora (2) 0009-0008-8214-4476

Górnośląskie Centrum Medyczne im. prof. Leszka Gieca Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach

Alicja Poloczek (3) 0009-0004-6539-5290

Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach

Jakub Szczerba (4) 0009-0001-3872-3488

Szpital Zakonu Bonifratrów pw. Aniołów Stróżów w Katowicach

Correspondence: Szymon Pokora¹, Karolina Pokora², Alicja Poloczek³, Jakub Szczerba⁴,

Abstract: Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis is a rare disease occurring with a frequency of approximately 13.7/100,000 people, mainly among middle-aged women. The disease is caused by autoantibodies, either synthesised due to the presence of a tumour or having an idiopathic nature. Depending on the type of autoantibodies detected, the disease is divided into subtypes, which differ in the frequency of specific clinical symptoms (most commonly psychosis, mood changes, memory problems, cognitive impairment and seizures) and can direct to detection of a specific type of cancer. Making a prompt diagnosis and initiating treatment is crucial as it ensures a reduction in clinical symptoms and improves survival rate. Broad immunotherapy is used - intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, azathioprine, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, anti-epileptic drugs and plasmapheresis. The efficacy is high - 80% of patients recover, and relapses occur in only 10% of cases. If a patient is diagnosed with cancer, effective oncological treatment is necessary to achieve complete remission.

Materials and methods: In order to select articles, the literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar was reviewed, using the keywords: autoimmune limbic encephalitis, autoantibodies, immunotherapy. From the available papers, those from 2000-2023 that best described the topic were selected. Among the selected articles, retrospective descriptions, clinical cases and descriptive articles were taken into account. This paper describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Keywords: autoimmune limbic encephalitis, autoantibodies, immunotherapy