Congenital CMV Infection: A Complex Case of Neurological Complications and Therapeutic Approaches in Infancy

KOZIEJ, Sylwia, KOWALCZYK, Emilia, NIEMCZUK, Martyna, JASIUK, Adrianna and WIEKIERA, Mateusz. Congenital CMV Infection: A Complex Case of Neurological Complications and Therapeutic Approaches in Infancy. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2024;54:158-168. eISSN 2391-8306. https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.54.012

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/47881

https://zenodo.org/records/10542927

The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of 05.01.2024 No. 32318. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical culture sciences (Field of medical and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of medical and health sciences).

Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 05.01.2024 Lp. 32318. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe:  Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).

© The Authors 2024;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Received: 07.01.2024. Revised: 17.01.2024. Accepted: 20.01.2024. Published: 20.01.2024.

Congenital CMV Infection: A Complex Case of Neurological Complications and Therapeutic Approaches in Infancy

Sylwia Koziej^1, Emilia Kowalczyk¹, Martyna Niemczuk², Adrianna Jasiuk³, Mateusz Wiekiera³

Supervisor: PhD MD Agata Tarkowska⁴ 

¹Students’ Scientific Group at the Department of Neonate and Infant Pathology, Medical University of Lublin

²Medical University of Białystok

³Medical University of Łódź

⁴Department of Neonate and Infant Pathology, Medical University of Lublin

Sylwia Koziej: skoziej152@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9607-6693 

Emilia Kowalczyk: emilia.kowalczyk99@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-8870 

Martyna Niemczuk: martynaniemczuk@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5877-6356 

Adrianna Jasiuk: ada.jasiuk@gmail.com  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4829-3768 

Mateusz Wiekiera: mateuszwiekiera10@gmail.com  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9236-2913 

Corresponding author: Sylwia Koziej skoziej152@gmail.com 

ABSTRACT

Introduction and purpose

Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection stands as the prevalent infection among newborns and it may be associated with later complications such as progressive sensorineural hearing loss or neurological diseases. Infection occurs during pregnancy or during childbirth. Congenital CMV infections manifest in various ways, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe complications such as microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and chorioretinitis. Routine antibody screenings for pregnant women are not common, underlining the significance of early infection detection to minimize the risks of transmission to the fetus and potential complications in the child.

The aim of this case report is to present the course of congenital CMV infection and its complication. This case report explores the challenges of managing an infant with congenital CMV infection complicated by hydrocephalus and viral co-infections. The infant underwent various treatments, including antiviral therapy, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches.

Conclusion

 With no available vaccine, prevention of congenital CMV infection relies on educating reproductive-age women and expectant mothers about infection risks. Early detection, frequent medical check-ups, and preventive education are crucial due to the absence of vaccines. Ongoing exploration of antiviral treatments and prompt interventions is imperative to improve outcomes for infants and families affected by the virus.

Key words: Cytomegalovirus, CMV,  congenital CMV infection, hydrocephalus