Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries

This dataset contains data collected during a study "Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries" conducted by Martin Lnenicka (University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic), Anastasija Nikiforova (University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia), Mariusz Luterek (University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland), Petar Milic (University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia), Daniel Rudmark (University of Gothenburg and RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden), Sebastian Neumaier (St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Austria), Caterina Santoro (KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium), Cesar Casiano Flores (University of Twente, Twente, the Netherlands), Marijn Janssen (Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands), Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar (University of Granada, Granada, Spain).

It is being made public both to act as supplementary data for "Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries", Government Information Quarterly*, and in order for other researchers to use these data in their own work. 

***Methodology***

The paper focuses on benchmarking of open data initiatives over the years and attempts to identify patterns observed among European countries that could lead to disparities in the development, growth, and sustainability of open data ecosystems. 

This study examines existing benchmarks, indices, and rankings of open (government) data initiatives to find the contexts by which these initiatives are shaped, both of which then outline a protocol to determine the patterns. The composite benchmarks-driven analytical protocol is used as an instrument to examine the understanding, effects, and expert opinions concerning the development patterns and current state of open data ecosystems implemented in eight European countries - Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Serbia, Sweden. 3-round Delphi method is applied to identify, reach a consensus, and validate the observed development patterns and their effects that could lead to disparities and divides. Specifically, this study conducts a comparative analysis of different patterns of open (government) data initiatives and their effects in the eight selected countries using six open data benchmarks, two e-government reports (57 editions in total), and other relevant resources, covering the period of 2013–2022.

***Description of the data in this data set***

The file "OpenDataIndex_2013_2022" collects an overview of 27 editions of 6 open data indices - for all countries they cover, providing respective ranks and values for these countries. These indices are:

1) Global Open Data Index (GODI) (4 editions)

2) Open Data Maturity Report (ODMR) (8 editions)

3) Open Data Inventory (ODIN) (6 editions)

4) Open Data Barometer (ODB) (5 editions)

5) Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index (3 editions)

6) Open Government Development Index (OGDI) (2 editions)

These data shapes the third context - open data indices and rankings. The second sheet of this file covers countries covered by this study, namely, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Serbia, Sweden. It serves the basis for Section 4.2 of the paper.

Based on the analysis of selected countries, incl. the analysis of their specifics and performance over the years in the indices and benchmarks, covering 57 editions of OGD-oriented reports and indices and e-government-related reports (2013-2022) that shaped a protocol (see paper, Annex 1), 102 patterns that may lead to disparities and divides in the development and benchmarking of ODEs were identified, which after the assessment by expert panel were reduced to a final number of 94 patterns representing four contexts, from which the recommendations defined in the paper were obtained. These patterns are available in the file "OGDdevelopmentPatterns". The first sheet contains the list of patterns, while the second sheet - the list of patterns and their effect as assessed by expert panel.

***Format of the file***
.xls, .csv (for the first spreadsheet only)

***Licenses or restrictions***
CC-BY

For more info, see README.txt