*** Dataset: High_Value_Datasets_SLR_2023 ***
Authors: Martin Lnenicka, Anastasija Nikiforova, Mariusz Luterek, Petar Milic, Daniel Rudmark, Sebastian Neumaier, Caterina Santoro, Cesar Casiano Flores, Marijn Janssen, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar 

Corresponding author: Anastasija Nikiforova
Contact Information: nikiforova.anastasija@ut.ee

**General Introduction***
This dataset contains data collected during a study "Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries" conducted by Martin Lnenicka (University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic), Anastasija Nikiforova (University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia), Mariusz Luterek (University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland), Petar Milic (University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia), Daniel Rudmark (University of Gothenburg and RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden), Sebastian Neumaier (St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, Austria), Caterina Santoro (KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium), Cesar Casiano Flores (University of Twente, Twente, the Netherlands), Marijn Janssen (Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands), Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar (University of Granada, Granada, Spain).

It is being made public both to act as supplementary data for "Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives: a benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries", Government Information Quarterly, and in order for other researchers to use these data in their own work.

***Purpose of the study***
The study aims to identify patterns observed in benchmarking of open data initiatives over the years and evaluate their effects that could lead to disparities and divides in the development and benchmarking of ODEs. To achieve this aim, this research sets the following Research Questions (RQs):
RQ1: What are the existing benchmarks, indices, and rankings of open (government) data initiatives, and by what contexts are these initiatives shaped?
RQ2: What are the patterns observed in benchmarking of open data initiatives over the years?
RQ3: What are the effects of the identified patterns that could lead to disparities and divides in the development and benchmarking of ODEs?


***Test procedure***
To answer research questions, we followed the following methodological steps: 
(1) literature review to establish a knowledge base and identify contexts that have been found to shape open (government) data initiatives; 
(2) development of the study protocol, which content is based on the outputs of the first step, sample selection, and creation of an expert panel; 
(3) data collection, that is a completion of the protocol developed in the previous step by the established expert panel, and evaluation of these protocols (as one of the steps of the Delphi method); 
(4) identification and validation of development patterns as a result of the analysis of completed protocols in two rounds of the Delphi process, and development of recommendations based on the conducted analysis and identified patterns. 

***Description of the data in this data set*** 
The file "OpenDataIndex_2013_2022" collects an overview of 27 editions of 6 open data indices - for all countries they cover, providing respective ranks and values for these countries. These indices are:

1) Global Open Data Index (GODI) (4 editions)

2) Open Data Maturity Report (ODMR) (8 editions)

3) Open Data Inventory (ODIN) (6 editions)

4) Open Data Barometer (ODB) (5 editions)

5) Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index (3 editions)

6) Open Government Development Index (OGDI) (2 editions)

These data shapes the third context - open data indices and rankings. The second sheet of this file covers countries covered by this study, namely, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Serbia, Sweden. It serves the basis for Section 4.2 of the paper.
GODI- Global Open Data Index (4 editions)


ODMR - Open Data Maturity Report (8 editions)


ODIN Open Data Inventory (6 editions)


ODB - Open Data Barometer (5 editions)
OURdata - Open, Useful and Re-usable data Index (3 editions)


OGDI - Open Government Development Index (2 editions)

Based on the analysis of selected countries, incl. the analysis of their specifics and performance over the years in the indices and benchmarks, covering 57 editions of OGD-oriented reports and indices and e-government-related reports (2013-2022) that shaped a protocol (see paper, Annex 1), 102 patterns that may lead to disparities and divides in the development and benchmarking of ODEs were identified, which after the assessment by expert panel were reduced to a final number of 94 patterns representing four contexts, from which the recommendations defined in the paper were obtained. These patterns are available in the file "OGDdevelopmentPatterns". The first sheet contains the list of patterns, while the second sheet - the list of patterns and their effect as assessed by expert panel.

***Format of the file***
.xls, .csv (for the first spreadsheet only)

***Licenses or restrictions***
CC-BY