Analysis of the mature milk composition of women giving birth prematurely and on time

DOMBROWSKA-PALI, Agnieszka, GEBUZA, Grażyna & KAŹMIERCZAK, Marzena. Analysis of the mature milk composition of women giving birth prematurely and on time. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):156-164. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.022

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41163

https://zenodo.org/record/7489403

The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.

Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).

Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.

Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).

© The Authors 2022;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

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Received: 05.12.2022. Revised: 21.12.2022. Accepted: 28.12.2022.

Analysis of the mature milk composition of women giving birth prematurely and on time

Agnieszka Dombrowska-Pali

Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0785-8977

Grażyna Gebuza

Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9743-4267

Marzena Kaźmierczak

Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-7581

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The composition of breast milk is not consistent; its variability is determined by the nutritional needs of the baby: duration of pregnancy, phases of a single feeding, lactation period, variability of fat concentration.

The aim: To assess the energy and essential nutrients content in mature milk from mothers delivering preterm and full-term infants.

Material and methods: 75 women participated in the study, at 4 weeks postpartum. The study sample was divided into three groups according to the duration of pregnancy: G1>=32 weeks of pregnancy, G2) 33-36 weeks of pregnancy, G3) <=37 weeks of pregnancy. The analysis of breast milk composition was performed with the Miris Human Milk Analysis analyser.

Results: The pregnancy duration of a sample of women participating in the study does not differentiate the nutritional composition and energy content in breast milk (p>0.05) analysed in the fourth week of lactation.

Conclusions: The assessment of the milk from women who gave birth on time and prematurely showed no significant differences in protein, fats, carbohydrates and energy content considering the same stage of lactation. However, it should be emphasised that not only is human milk considered to be a nutrient but also functional food. Due to the content of enzymes, hormones and growth factors, breast milk has a protective function. It is a part of treatment for premature babies. Nevertheless, the results of our study indicate the need for further research measuring the macronutrients of human milk in order to individualize more the nutritional approach for a particularly demanding group of newborns, which may help optimize their growth and development.

Key words: breast milk analysis, breastfeeding, preterm milk, mature milk