The link between migration policies and migration and migrant integration dynamics. An overview of the existing literature

This paper explores the link between migration policies and migration and migrant integration dynamics, providing an overview and analysis of key findings from the existing literature. This link is usually analysed from a two-fold perspective: either in relation to the main factors associated with migration policies, or in relation to the effect of migration policies. This report considers research from both perspectives and presents key findings that serve to update existing research as well as fostering additional research on the topic. Various potential factors have been identified as possible determinants of migration policies: migration-related factors (e.g. size of the migrant group in a country); institutional factors (e.g. country’s wealth, its welfare system and its labour market conditions); media and political factors (e.g. political ideologies and public opinion). More restrictive policies are associated with lower numbers of migrants, smaller immigration flows and changes in the composition of these flows (e.g., reduction of low-skilled migrants). Policies also produce unintended effects, such as an increase in the number of undocumented migrants in a country. Furthermore, under inclusive policies there is less public fear of migrants in the public opinion, while migrants enjoy greater opportunities to participate in society, improve their skills, and establish themselves in the destination countries. Migrants also develop positive attitudes about their life satisfaction, their health, and their participation in politics.