Echiniscoides sigismundi subsp. groenlandicus Kristensen & Hallas 1980

186. Echiniscoides sigismundi groenlandicus Kristensen & Hallas, 1980

Echiniscoides sigismundi groenlandicus subsp. n. (Kristensen & Hallas 1980) E. s. groenlandicus (Faurby et al. 2011)

Echiniscoides sigismundi groenlandicus Kristensne & Hallas, 1980 (Miller et al. 2014) Terra typica: Baffin Bay (Greenland, Arctic)

Atlantic Ocean:

• 41°26′N, 71°27′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO21] USA, Rhode Island State, Washington County, S part of Narragansett, barnacles (Balanus balanoides) on a pier. Kristensen & Hallas (1980), Hallas & Kristensen (1982)

Baffin Bay:

• 71°00′N, 52°00′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO21] Undefined locality, Greenland, Sarquaq, barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)

• 70°40′N, 52°07′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO21] Greenland, Umanak [Uummannaq], barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)

• 69°15′N, 53°33′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO21] Type Locality: West Greenland, Disko Island, Godhavn [Qeqertarsuaq], intertidal, beside the shrimp factory, barnacles (Balanus balanoides) on rocks. Kristensen & Hallas (1980)

• 68°43′N, 52°52′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO21] Greenland, Egedesminde [Aasiaat], barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)

Barents Sea:

• 73°05′N, 53°12′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Russia, Novaya Zemlya, Pan’kova Zemlya Peninsula. Biserov (1999)

Norwegian Sea:

• 69°39′N, 18°58′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Norway, Troms County, Tromsø, barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)

Pacific Ocean:

• 36°58′27′′N, 122°01′51′′W [34 ° 03′N, 119 ° 43′W]; 0 m bsl: [FAO77] USA, California State, Santa Barbara County, Channel Islands, Santa Cruz Island, intertidal barnacles and tide pool shell fragments, debris, gravel, and sand. Miller et al. (2014)

Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Atlantic Ocean: 1, Baffin Bay: 4, Barents Sea: 1, Norwegian Sea: 1, Pacific Ocean: 1; total: 8.

Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO21: 5, FAO27: 2, FAO77: 1; total: 8.

Remarks: This subspecies has been reported from isolated localities in cold northern hemisphere waters (mainly sub-Arctic) and always in association with barnacles (but see remarks for Echiniscoides s. sigismundi). Faurby et al. (2011) included examples of this species from the entire known range, but for their analysis combined all subspecies as E. sigismundi. As it was not possible to differentiate between localities for E. s. groenlandicus and E. s. sigismundi, we decided to add all Faurby et al. (2011) records to E. s. sigismundi sensu lato.