Echiniscoides sigismundi groenlandicus subsp. n. (Kristensen & Hallas 1980) E. s. groenlandicus (Faurby et al. 2011)
Echiniscoides sigismundi groenlandicus Kristensne & Hallas, 1980 (Miller et al. 2014) Terra typica: Baffin Bay (Greenland, Arctic)
Atlantic Ocean:
• 41 ° 26 ′N, 71 ° 27 ′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 21] USA, Rhode Island State, Washington County, S part of Narragansett, barnacles (Balanus balanoides) on a pier. Kristensen & Hallas (1980), Hallas & Kristensen (1982)
Baffin Bay:
• 71 °00′N, 52 °00′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 21] Undefined locality, Greenland, Sarquaq, barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)
• 70 ° 40 ′N, 52 °07′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 21] Greenland, Umanak [Uummannaq], barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)
• 69 ° 15 ′N, 53 ° 33 ′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 21] Type Locality: West Greenland, Disko Island, Godhavn [Qeqertarsuaq], intertidal, beside the shrimp factory, barnacles (Balanus balanoides) on rocks. Kristensen & Hallas (1980)
• 68 ° 43 ′N, 52 ° 52 ′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO 21] Greenland, Egedesminde [Aasiaat], barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)
Barents Sea:
• 73 °05′N, 53 ° 12 ′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO 27] Russia, Novaya Zemlya, Pan’kova Zemlya Peninsula. Biserov (1999)
Norwegian Sea:
• 69 ° 39 ′N, 18 ° 58 ′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO 27] Norway, Troms County, Tromsø, barnacles (Balanus balanoides). Kristensen & Hallas (1980)
Pacific Ocean:
• 36 ° 58 ′ 27 ′′N, 122 °01′ 51 ′′W [34 ° 03′N, 119 ° 43 ′W]; 0 m bsl: [FAO 77] USA, California State, Santa Barbara County, Channel Islands, Santa Cruz Island, intertidal barnacles and tide pool shell fragments, debris, gravel, and sand. Miller et al. (2014)
Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Atlantic Ocean: 1, Baffin Bay: 4, Barents Sea: 1, Norwegian Sea: 1, Pacific Ocean: 1; total: 8.
Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO 21: 5, FAO 27: 2, FAO 77: 1; total: 8.
Remarks: This subspecies has been reported from isolated localities in cold northern hemisphere waters (mainly sub-Arctic) and always in association with barnacles (but see remarks for Echiniscoides s. sigismundi). Faurby et al. (2011) included examples of this species from the entire known range, but for their analysis combined all subspecies as E. sigismundi. As it was not possible to differentiate between localities for E. s. groenlandicus and E. s. sigismundi, we decided to add all Faurby et al. (2011) records to E. s. sigismundi sensu lato.