Published August 29, 2017 | Version v1
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Figure 35 from: Carvalho APS, Orr AG, Kawahara AY (2017) A review of the occurrence and diversity of the sphragis in butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). ZooKeys 694: 41-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.694.13097

  • 1. University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
  • 2. Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

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Figure 35 - Schematic of the possible process of evolution of the sphragis in butterflies. This assumes a selective landscape where females benefit materially from polyandry and males are continually improving plug-removing ability.

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