Andraegoidus nigrofasciatus

Andraegoidus nigrofasciatus (Gory, 1831)

Trachyderes nigrofasciatus Gory, 1831: pl. 43, fig. 3.

Trachyderes variegatus Perty, 1832: 88. Syn. nov.

Andraegoidus variegatus; Monné 2023a: 901 (cat.).

Trachyderes audouinii Dupont, 1838: 2.

Trachyderes gloriosus Dupont, 1838: 4.

Trachyderes variegatus var. biflavomaculatus Tippmann, 1953: 323.

Trachyderes variegatus var. binigromaculatus Tippmann, 1953: 321.

Trachyderes variegatus var. bisbiflavomaculatus Tippmann, 1953: 322.

Trachyderes variegatus var. cordiger Tippmann, 1953: 321.

Trachyderes variegatus var. dimidiatus Tippmann, 1953: 321.

Trachyderes variegatus var. flavocinctus Tippmann, 1953: 322.

Trachyderes variegatus var. malleri Tippmann, 1953: 322.

Remarks. Trachyderes nigrofasciatus was illustrated on plate 43 by Gory (1831). Therefore, it was made available through illustration. However, the date of this name was considered by a long time as being 1844. Trachyderes variegatus Perty, 1832 was described based on a specimen from Brazil (Minas Gerais). Ḩdepohl (1985) designated a specimen from Brazil (Mato Grosso) as a neotype of T. variegatus; the neotype was destroyed during the fire that completely devastated the MNRJ. With the neotype designation the type locality of the species became Rio Verde, which today is in Mato Grosso do Sul (see remarks in Eburodacrys rubicunda). Ḩdepohl (1985) also synonymized the seven varieties described by Tippmann (1953) and the two species described by Dupont (1838) with Andraegoidus variegatus. Gory (1844) reported (translated): “Note. When I communicated this insect to be figured here, I had not yet received Mr. Perty’s work, and I had given it the name of T. nigro-fasciatus. It is right to reinstate the name imposed on it by this author.” According to Bousquet (2016) on the work where Gory originally described T. nigrofasciatus: “This works contains 450 plates published in 45 livraisons, from 21 March 1829 to December 1837. The insects section contains 110 plates and the Coleoptera are on plates 3–51. Notices of publication for the Coleoptera plates are: … 42–44 [livr. 13]: March 1831 …” Notwithstanding Gory’s (1844) opinion, his 1831 Andraegoidus nigrofasciatus has priority over Perty’s 1832 synonym A. variegatus (ICZN 1999: Article 12.2.7). Preservation of the latter as valid through reversal of precedence as established in Article 23.9 of the Code is not possible because “nigrofasciatus” was used as for a variety of Trachyderes variegatus by Aurivillius (1912), Blackwelder (1946), and Tippmann (1953), so not complying with Art. 23.9.1.1’s demand that the senior synonym must not have been used after 1899. Furthermore, the junior synonym has not been used as frequently as demanded by Art. 23.9.1.2 (ICZN 1999) is not present (see Monné 2023a). Neither of the two mandatory conditions for reversal of precedence is thus met. Therefore, we invalidate Trachyderes variegatus Perty, 1832 as a junior synonym of Trachyderes nigrofasciatus Gory, 1831.