Curated dataset on protein's properties and post-translational modification protein properties

Proteins perform essential cellular functions, which range from cell division and metabolism to DNA replication. Thus, decoding the mechanism of action of cells, requires understanding of the functioning and physicochemical properties of proteins [1]. While the genetic code encodes the primary structure of proteins, they undergo various modifications as part of their normal functioning including addition of modifying groups, such as acetyl, phosphoryl, glycosyl, and methyl, to one or more amino acids after translation, which is known as post-translational modification (PTM) [2, 3]. PTMs play an essential role in regulating protein functions by altering their physicochemical properties and understanding these reactions provides valuable insights regarding cell function. Advances in proteomics research have significantly deepened our understanding of PTMs and their impact on cellular functions and disease mechanisms. The study of PTMs is now at the forefront of research in molecular biology and biochemistry.

Many databases, software, and tools have been developed to enhance our understanding of the various PTMs that affect human plasma proteins and help to simplify the analysis of complex PTM data [4]. These PTM databases and tools contain significant information and are a valuable resource for the research community. Key databases include dbPTM, UniProt, and PubChem. Utilising these databases, protein-related information like substrate peptides, amino acid sequence numbers, and experimentally validated PTM sites can be identified and curated.

This dataset presents curated information regarding PTM-related changes in the physicochemical properties of the 16 most abundant plasma proteins [5], i.e., Serum Albumin, Serotransferrin, Antithrombin-III, Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein A-IV, Apolipoprotein B-100, Apolipoprotein C-II, Apolipoprotein C-III, Apolipoprotein E, Clusterin, Complement C3, Haptoglobin, Histidine-rich glycoprotein, Mannose-binding protein C, Hemoglobin, and Fibrinogen alpha chain. The physicochemical properties studied, and the impact of different PTMs on the properties, include the protein molecular weight, isoelectric point, surface hydrophobicity, and solubility.  The PTMs explored include phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, lipidation, glutathionylation, nitrosylation, sulfoxidation, succinylation, neddylation, malonylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, and palmitoylation.

References

1. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002. Analyzing Protein Structure and Function.
2. Chen, H.; Venkat, S.; McGuire, P.; Gan, Q.; Fan, C. Recent Development of Genetic Code Expansion for Posttranslational Modification Studies. Molecules 2018, 23, 1662.
3. Marc Oeller, Ryan Kang, Hannah Bolt, Ana Gomes dos Santos, Annika Langborg Weinmann, Antonios Nikitidis, Pavol Zlatoidsky, Wu Su, Werngard Czechtizky, Leonardo De Maria,Pietro Sormanni, Michele Vendruscolo: Sequence-based prediction of the solubility of peptides containing non-natural amino acids [bioRiv].
4. Ramazi S, Zahiri J. Posttranslational modifications in proteins: resources, tools and prediction methods. Database (Oxford). 2021 Apr 7;2021:baab012.