Fig. 4 Strict consensus cladograms. The four taxon sets each produced cladograms with the same topology whether character states were left unordered or a subset were ordered (see Methods and Supplementary Note 5 for details). a 18 OTUs. The four taxa with the fewest codable character states (Graecopithecus, 10%, Chororapithecus,13%, Samburupithecus, 18%, and Orrorin, 29%) were excluded, as was Sahelanthropus. Both Orrorin and Sahelanthropus were coded from published descriptions, which introduces uncertainty (DRB, who coded all characters in this analysis, was unable to code characters from these taxa through direct observation). b 19 OTUs, with Sahelanthropus added. c 20 OTUs with Orrorin. There is a decrease in resolution with the inclusion of Sahelanthropus and Orrorin but the tree topologies are otherwise consistent. Sahelantthropus is always recovered as a stem hominid and Orrorin as a hominin. The first three cladograms all recover a hominine clade that includes the thickly enameled Balkan taxa and the dryopithecins. d 23 OTUs, including all taxa. Little resolution remains among hominids, with recognized clades (pongines) unresolved. This cladogram also fails to recover Ouranopithecus as a hominine, which is otherwise a common result in previous analyses. Bremer support values, character states, character definitions and the character matrix (nexus) are all included in Supplementary Note 5 and Supplementary Data 3.