Theories of Internationalization: Evolution of Global Business and Strategic Approaches

This article examines the evolution of global enterprises and their strategic approaches within the framework of internationalization theories. By exploring fundamental theories like the Hecksher-Ohlin Model and the Uppsala Model, the entry strategies of businesses into foreign markets and their behaviors during different internationalization stages are analyzed. The evolution of global enterprises reflects a shift from multinational companies to global firms in today's context. Technological advances have brought about significant changes in the production and distribution methods of businesses, expanding their global vision. Strategic approaches, competitive strategies, and topics such as the global value chain play a critical role in determining how businesses can achieve success on the international stage. Customized product implementations and global branding showcase how businesses respond to changing consumer demands in different markets. Sustainability and ethics underscore the social responsibilities of global businesses, while also reflecting their efforts to achieve long-term success. By addressing critical factors for businesses in the internationalization process, this article aims to assist enterprises in gaining competitive advantage in the global arena and achieving sustainable global success.