Goniodes Nitzsch 1818

Goniodes Nitzsch, 1818

Pediculus Linnaeus, 1758: 610 in partim.

Nirmus Nitzsch, 1818: 291 in partim.

Goniodes Nitzsch, 1818: 293.

Gonocephalus Kéler, 1937:79 [nec Gonocephalus Kaup, 1825, Gonocephalus Günther, 1854].

Gonotyles Kéler, 1940: 48.

Oulocrepis Kéler, 1940: 97.

Solenodes Kéler, 1940: 101.

Astrocotes Kéler, 1940: 109.

Astrodes Kéler, 1940: 113.

Homocerus Kéler, 1940: 117.

Stenocrotaphus Kéler, 1940: 124.

Margaritenes Kéler, 1940: 132.

Archigoniodes Conci, 1946: 77.

Claygoniodes Conci, 1946: 77.

Kelerigoniodes Conci, 1946: 77.

Clayarchigoniodes Conci, 1952: 178.

Keleria Tendeiro, 1954: 94.

Zlotorzyckella Eichler [in Eichler and Vasjukova], 1981: 231 [nom. nov. pro Gonocephalus Kéler, 1937.]

Aurinirmus Tendeiro, 1983: 116.

Leipoiella Mey, 1986: 526.

Megatheliella Mey, 1986: 530.

Maleophilus Mey, 1997: 23.

Maleoicus Mey, 1997: 24.

Euligoniodes Mey, 1997: 29.

Weelahia Mey, 1997: 33.

Lobicrotaphus Mey, 1997: 35.

Type species

Pediculus pavonis Linnaeus, 1758: 293 ex Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Johnson and Harrison, 1911, p. 326).

Remarks

Morphologically, Goniodes is one of the most heterogeneous genera within Ischnocera, and many groups have been recognised either as species groups (eg Clay 1940) or as separate genera (eg Kéler 1940; Mey 2009). No large-scale revision of the Goniodidae on galliform hosts has been published since the 1940s (Clay 1940; von Kéler 1940), although the genera occurring on pigeons have been reviewed by, for example, Tendeiro (1965, 1972, 1978). Tendeiro (1980, 1983, 1988) also reviewed some of the smaller genera proposed for groups inside Goniodes. Mey (1986, 1997) reviewed the goniodids of megapodiid hosts, erecting seven new genera. Most of the genera proposed by von Kéler (1940) or Mey (1986, 1997) were synonymised with Goniodes by Hopkins and Clay (1952) and Price et al. (2003), but these synonymisations are contradicted by genetic data (Johnson et al. 2011). Moreover, following these synonymisations, no morphological characters proposed to date serve to separate this genus from all other goniodids, in particular Goniocotes (Gustafsson et al. 2021a).

A far more sensible approach is to follow the classification outlined by Mey (2009), recognising many of the proposed genera as valid. However, many species are poorly known, and limits between these genera are not always clear. For instance, von Kéler (1940) included Goniodes spinicornis (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) and Goniodes ovoidalis Kéler, 1940 (from an odontophorid host), in Goniodes s. str., but Clay (1940) placed only Goniodes pavonis in Goniodes s. str., and separated G. spinicornis and related species into species group B, and the species known from odontophorid hosts into species groups I and K. Mey (2009) considered the spinicornis group to belong to Goniodes s. str., but placed the species on odontophorid hosts in Goniodes s. lat., stating that the relationships of these is unclear. A genus-level revision of Goniodes would be required to establish useful generic characters and limits, which is outside the scope of the present article. However, the redescription of Goniodes pavonis below may be taken as a redescription of Goniodes s. str. in anticipation of such a revision.