A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION ON HEALTH MARKERS AND PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES AMONG DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING AND PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospective data to investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on health markers and performance outcomes among diabetic and nondiabetic patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-seven patients with PCI and CABG, who attended phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation, were included in the study. Patient data was split by cardiac diagnosis, diabetes category, number of sessions attended, and time. The Duke Activity Score Index and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaires and measurements for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and if diabetic, A1c and fasting blood glucose were taken at baseline and upon completion of the program. RESULTS: High-density lipoprotein and the Duke Activity Score Index questionnaire significantly increased from pre- to post-testing. Diastolic blood pressure and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 significantly decreased from pre- to post-testing. Time, session group, diabetes category, and admission event influenced the decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein for the 25-36 session PCI, nondiabetic group. Time and session group influenced the decrease triglycerides for all 12-24 session groups. Diabetics had a significant interaction for A1c. No significant interactions were found for systolic blood pressure and body weight. For fasting blood glucose, time, session group, and admission event influenced the decrease of glucose for the PCI group with diabetes. CONCLUSION: Cardiac Rehabilitation resulted in significant improvements in the lipid panel, diastolic blood pressure, and questionnaires regardless of the number of sessions attended. However, no significant benefits for systolic blood pressure were observed.