Key to Genera of Anthophorini

(modified from Michener, 2007)

1. Forewing with 1m-cu meeting second submarginal cell near middle (Figs. 8, 9); third submarginal cell subquadrate, with anterior and posterior margins of about equal length, and basal and distal margins of about equal length; male gonostylus usually less than one-third as long as gonocoxa, often not double, sometimes reduced to almost nothing ..................................................... 2

—. Forewing with 1m-cu terminating at or near apex of second submarginal cell (Figs. 10–15); third submarginal cell (except in Habrophorula and Varthemapistra) with anterior margin much shorter than posterior margin because of curvature of 2rs-m (Figs. 10–13), such that posterior margin of cell is longer than basal margin; male gonostylus double, dorsal and ventral gonostylar processes usually both one-third as long as gonocoxa or more ................. 3

2(1). Arolia present (worldwide except Australian Region) ......... Anthophora Latreille

—. Arolia absent (Eastern Hemisphere) ............................................... Amegilla Friese

3(1). Pterostigma almost absent, represented by minute area broader than long (Fig. 12); terga II–V or at least to tergum III with lateral, longitudinal parts of graduli strong, sometimes reaching posterior marginal zones of terga; pygidial plate of male present as a well-defined apical process of tergum VII, margined by carinae across apex and at sides, at least apically (Africa, Madagascar) .................................................................................. Pachymelus Smith

—. Pterostigma at least as long as broad, usually much longer than broad (Figs. 13–14); terga II–V commonly without lateral longitudinal parts of graduli (Habropoda), with such parts weakened (Deltoptila), or sometimes distinct (Elaphropoda, Habrophorula, Varthemapistra); pygidial plate of male absent or indicated by smooth bare area margined by carina only across apex ........... 4

4(3). Malar space at least twice as long as antennal pedicel (Fig. 26–27); crossvein cu-a of hind wing nearly transverse, at angle of 50° or more to first abscissa of M+Cu (Mesoamerica) ........................................................ Deltoptila LaBerge & Michener

—. Malar space linear to about as long as antennal pedicel (Figs. 19, 21); vein cu-a of hind wing usually conspicuously oblique, at angle of 45° or less to first abscissa of M + Cu (except nearly transverse in Habrophorula) (Holarctic, Oriental) ....... 5

5(4). Female first flagellomere length 2.75× apical width or frequently more, three-quarters length or longer than scape; mandible with one preapical tooth, thus bidentate; sternum VII of male strongly sclerotized, disc giving rise to large apical process, base of which often bears transverse ridge; flabellum absent (Holarctic, Oriental) ................................................ Habropoda Smith

—. Female first flagellomere length about 2× apical width or less, distinctly shorter than scape, often one-half length of scape; mandible with two preapical teeth or without teeth; sternum VII of male weakly sclerotized, if apical process present, then without transverse ridge at base of narrow apical process; flabellum present .............................................................................................. 6

6(4). Mandible simple, without preapical teeth (Fig. 4); metatibia with setae on outer surface distinctly fuscous medially; third submarginal cell with anterior border only slightly shorter than posterior border (Fig. 7) (Borneo) ................................. .................................................................................................. Varthemapistra, n. gen.

—. Mandible with two preapical teeth, thus tridentate (second preapical tooth in Habrophorula in more proximal position, nearer to midlength on dorsal surface, often worn); metatibia with setae on anterior and outer surfaces uniformly light in color (white, yellow, tawny); third submarginal cell with anterior border either distinctly shorter than posterior border (Fig. 11) (Elaphropoda) or with borders nearly equal (Fig. 14) (Habrophorula) .............................................. 7

7(6). Third submarginal cell with anterior margin much shorter than posterior margin (Fig. 11); clypeus greatly protuberant, extending anteriorly about as far as compound eye width in profile (Fig. 18); hind leg of male enlarged, metatrochanter with broad rounded projection; tergum VII and sternum VI of male somewhat attenuate apically, apices rounded or pointed; sternum VII of male with disc somewhat broader than long, with apical process (without transverse ridge at base of process) (Oriental) .............................................................. Elaphropoda Lieftinck

—. Third submarginal cell about as wide on anterior margin as on posterior margin (Fig. 14); clypeus not greatly protuberant, extending anteriorly by about one-half compound eye width or less in profile (Fig. 20); hind leg of male not enlarged, metatrochanter lacking rounded projection; tergum VII and sternum VI of male not attenuate, apex of tergum VI nearly always bidentate or with emarginate apical truncation; sternum VII of male transverse, disc much broader than long, without apical process (Oriental) ..................... Habrophorula Lieftinck