Comparative Evaluation of PKI and DAA-based Architectures for V2X Communication Security

The emerging Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) landscape is expanding in terms of security and trust requirements, to provide the necessary enablers for the safety of critical operations (i.e., collision avoidance). To this extend, Public Key Infrastructure (PKIs) and Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) schemes have been proposed by the literature, in order to provide authenticity over the exchanged messages. DAA schemes can help address several challenges of centralized PKIs by offering a more scalable solution for pseudonym certificate reloading and revocation. This paper is the first to implement a DAA-based solution and then do a methodological comparison of the two schemes side-by-side based on an experimental evaluation. The acquired results do not directly dictate one prevailing solution, but rather suggest the need for an integrated approach converging concepts from both schemes, in order to better accommodate the needs of future C-ITS systems.