Published June 30, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article Open

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИННОВАЦИЙ И ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

  • 1. Fergana Polytechnic Institute

Description

В современных условиях нестабильности мировой экономики актуальным представляется вопрос ее дальнейшего развития, в том числе с технологической точки зрения. В исторической ретроспективе положительное влияние на рассматриваемый в исследовании процесс оказывало появление на рынке технологических инноваций.
Признание инноваций в качестве эндогенного источника экономического роста обусловлено характером постиндустриального хозяйственного уклада, характеризующимся падением роли традиционных факторов производства в формировании конкурентных преимуществ отдельных производителей, а также становлением качественно нового типа поступательной макроэкономической динамики. В этих условиях приобретает особую актуальность инновационная деятельность субъектов предпринимательства. В статье рассмотрены различные подходы ученых и представителей различных экономических школ к определению понятий «инновации» и «инновационная деятельность». На основе проведенного ретроспективного анализа ряда научных трудов, посвященных инновационной деятельности, делается вывод, о том, что для обеспечения успешного и динамичного развития предприятия, производящего наукоемкую продукцию, необходимо в первую очередь широкое применение различных методов управления инновационной деятельностью, которые должны включать одновременное и согласованное использование технологической, научной, кадровой, коммерческой и других политик, обеспечивающих системное решение задач инновационного развития.

jahon iqtisodiyotining beqarorligining hozirgi sharoitida uni yanada rivojlantirish masalasi, shu jumladan texnologik nuqtai nazardan ham dolzarbdir. Tarixiy retrospektivada bozorda texnologik yangiliklarning paydo boʼlishi tadqiqotda koʼrib chiqilgan jarayonga ijobiy taʼsir koʼrsatdi. Innovatsiyalarni iqtisodiy oʼsishning endogen manbai sifatida tan olish postindustrial iqtisodiy tuzilmaning tabiati bilan bogʼliq boʼlib, individual ishlab chiqaruvchilarning raqobatbardosh ustunliklarini shakllantirishda anʼanaviy ishlab chiqarish omillari rolining pasayishi, shuningdek, progressiv makroiqtisodiy dinamikaning sifat jihatidan yangi turini shakllantirish bilan tavsiflanadi. Bunday sharoitda tadbirkorlik subʼektlarining innovatsion faoliyati ayniqsa dolzarb boʼlib qoladi. Maqolada olimlar va turli iqtisodiy maktablar vakillarining "innovatsiya" va "innovatsion faoliyat"tushunchalarini aniqlashga qaratilgan turli yondashuvlari koʼrib chiqilgan. Innovatsiyalarga bagʼishlangan bir qator ilmiy ishlarning retrospektiv tahlili asosida yuqori texnologiyali mahsulotlar ishlab chiqaradigan korxonaning muvaffaqiyatli va dinamik rivojlanishini taʼminlash uchun birinchi navbatda innovatsiyalarni boshqarishning turli usullarini keng qoʼllash kerak, degan xulosaga kelindi, bir vaqtning oʼzida va muvofiqlashtirilgan foydalanishni oʼz ichiga olishi kerak, innovatsion rivojlanish muammolarini tizimli hal qilishni taʼminlaydigan texnologik, ilmiy, kadrlar, tijorat va boshqa siyosat.

In modern conditions of instability of the world economy, the issue of its further development, including from a technological point of view, is relevant. In historical retrospect, the emergence of technological innovations on the market had a positive impact on the process considered in the study. The recognition of innovation as an endogenous source of economic growth is due to the nature of the post-industrial economic structure, characterized by the decline in the role of traditional factors of production in the formation of competitive advantages of individual producers, as well as the formation of a qualitatively new type of progressive macroeconomic dynamics. In these conditions, the innovative activity of business entities becomes particularly relevant. The article considers various approaches of scientists and representatives of various economic schools to the definition of the concepts of "innovation" and "innovative activity". Based on a retrospective analysis of a number of scientific papers devoted to innovation, it is concluded that in order to ensure the successful and dynamic development of an enterprise producing high-tech products, it is necessary first of all to widely apply various methods of innovation management, which should include simultaneous and coordinated use of technological, scientific, personnel, commercial and other policies that provide a systematic solution to the problems of innovative development.

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References

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