Calamaria lumbricoidea H. Boie
Authors/Creators
Description
Calamaria lumbricoidea H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827— Native.
Calamaria lumbricoidea H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827: 540. Lectotype: RMNH.RENA.10543 (formerly RMNH 42), designated by Inger & Marx (1965: 77); paratypes (2): RMNH.RENA.42 (2), designated by Inger & Marx (1965: 91); RMNH.RENA.10543 does not exist in RMNH.RENA catalogue and RMNH.RENA.42 comprises one specimen catalogued as syntype. Type locality: “ Java ”, Indonesia.
Variable Reed Snake (Figure 17F)
Singapore records.
Calamaria lumbricoidea —F.L.K. Lim & M.T.-M. Lee, 1989: 117.—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 61, 146.—K.K.P. Lim, 1993b: 2 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—K.K.P. Lim & Subaraj, 1994: 6 (Old Upper Thomson Road).—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 105.—R. Subaraj et al., 1995: 2 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Mandai; West Bridge [Sime Road Forest]).—K. Lim, 1995: 15 (Mandai Lake Road).— David & Vogel, 1996: 51.— Manthey & Grossmann, 1997: 326.—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 379 (Fern Valley [BTNR]; Lower Peirce East Forest [LPF]; Main Road [BTNR]; Nee Soon Range [NSSF]; Rifle Range Forest).— Cox et al., 1998: 36.—Chan-ard et al., 1999: 31.— Iskandar & Colijn, 2001: 46.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 146.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 96, 150.—K.K.P. Lim et al., 2008: 264.— Das, 2010: 268.—L.L. Grismer, 2011a: 179.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 96, 160.— Das, 2012a: 29.— H.H. Tan & D.C.J. Yeo, 2013: 10 (Night Safari).—N. Baker, 2014c: 23 (Upper Seletar Reservoir Park).—Wallach et al., 2014: 139.—Chan-ard et al., 2015: 184.— Khew & Yokohari, 2017: 11.— de Lang, 2017: 77.— Das, 2018: 36.— Leviton et al., 2018: 425.—O’Shea, 2018: 136.—R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 161, 180 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, after R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997).— Charlton, 2020: 113.—K.K.P. Lim, 2020: 2, 5 (Sime Road Internment Camp [= SICC]).
Calamaria schlegeli (non Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)—R. Subaraj et al., 1995: 5 [= juvenile C. lumbricoidea] (Mandai).
Calamaria sp. —K.K.P. Lim, 2020: 4 (Sime Road Camp [= SICC]).
Remarks. The first record of C. lumbricoidea from Singapore comes from a photograph of one collected at the Singapore Zoo during the 1980s (F.L.K. Lim pers. comm.) published in Lim & Lee (1989) and in Lim & Lim (1992), followed by one found dead at BTNR on 17 December 1993 (Lim 1993b). The next few specimens found were also of dead individuals (Lim & Subaraj 1994; Subaraj et al. 1995; Lim 1995). Teo & Rajathurai (1997) recorded 10 individuals during their surveys, but provided no details on their observations. Examination of museum records show that ZRC.2.2329 was collected in Hindhede Drive on 25 February 1986, and ZRC.2.2300 was collected in December 1987 at an unknown location. The last two published records of C. lumbricoidea were of two separate individuals each eating an earthworm at USRP, the first on 25 September 2013 and the second on 4 January 2014 (Baker 2014). Figure 17F represents an unpublished record of one photographed at SRF in February 2005 (K.K.P. Lim unpub. data).
Occurrence. Restricted to CNR and surrounding Nature Parks and forests. Uncommon.
Singapore conservation status. Endangered.
Conservation priority. Highest.
IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2012].
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): ZRC.2.2300 (Dec-1987); Bukit Kalang [SRF]: ZRC.2.6079 (07-Aug-2004); ZRC.2.6119 (14-Feb-2005), ZRC.2.6326 (17-Jan-2007); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: ZRC.2.3401 (17-Dec-1993), ZRC.2.3528 (Aug-1996), ZRC.2.7019 (2000), ZRC.2.4776 (05-Jul-2000), ZRC.2.5261 (09-Oct-2001), ZRC.2.5537 (20-Mar-2002), Hindhede Drive: ZRC.2.2329 (25-Feb-1986); Mandai: ZRC.2.3402 (14-Feb-1994), ZRC.2.3403 (21-Feb-1994); Upper Seletar Reservoir Road: ZRC.2.6847 (28-Sep-2009).
Additional Singapore museum specimens. No specimens.
Singapore localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Lower Peirce Forest—Mandai (not specified)—Mandai Lake Road—Night Safari—Old Upper Thomson Road—Rifle Range Forest—Sime Road Forest—Singapore Island Country Club—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park—Upper Seletar Reservoir Road.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- LKCNHM, NHMUK , ZRC
- Event date
- 1986-02-25 , 1993-12-17 , 1994-02-14 , 1994-02-21 , 2000-07-05 , 2001-10-09 , 2002-03-20 , 2004-08-07 , 2005-02-14 , 2007-01-17 , 2009-09-28
- Verbatim event date
- 1986-02-25 , 1993-12-17 , 1994-02-14 , 1994-02-21 , 2000-07-05 , 2001-10-09 , 2002-03-20 , 2004-08-07 , 2005-02-14 , 2007-01-17 , 2009-09-28
- Scientific name authorship
- H. Boie
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Squamata
- Family
- Colubridae
- Genus
- Calamaria
- Species
- lumbricoidea
- Taxon rank
- species
References
- Inger, R. F. & Marx, H. (1965) The systematics and evolution of the Oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana: Zoology, 49, 1 - 304.
- Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
- Lim, K. K. P. (1993 b) Reptiles & Amphibians. The Pangolin, 6 (3 - 4), 1 - 4.
- Lim, K. K. P. & Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994) - herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1 - 4), 5.
- Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106.
- David, P. & Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp.
- Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp.
- Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. & Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide toSnakes and other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp.
- Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp.
- Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.
- Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp.
- Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp.
- Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp.
- Baker, N. (2014 c) Variable reed snake swallows earthworm. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 23 - 24.
- Khew, Y. T. J. & Yokohari, M. (2017) Recommendations for urban biodiversity conservation in the context of landscape preference in Singapore. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 10 (1), 1 - 21.
- de Lang, R. (2017) The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 435 pp.
- Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp.
- Leviton, A. E., Siler, C. D., Weinell, J. L. & Brown, R. M. (2018) Synopsis of the snakes of the Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 64 (14), 399 - 568.
- Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp.
- Lim K. K. P. (2020) Snakes and lizards recorded by Alexander Cross in Singapore from 1942 to 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No.), 1 - 6.