[18] Parena (Bothynoptera) monostigma (Bates, 1873)

Habitus: Figs 40C–F. Male genitalia: Fig. 42.

Bates, 1873: 316 (original: Crossoglossa; type locality: Japan: Nagasaki; lectotype in MNHN); Jakobson, 1908: 403 (as Crossoglossa monocincta); Jedlička, 1946: 10; Jedlička, 1963: 443; Habu, 1967: 158; Lafer, 1989: 213; Park & Kwon, 1998: 36 (South Korea); Solodovnikov, 1999: 108 (Russia: Amur); Sundukov, 2001: 731 (Russia: Primorye); Park & Szél, 2004: 221 (North Korea).

Parena japoincia Jedlička, 1946: 10 (type locality: Japan: Kobe; holotype in NMPC); Jedlička, 1963: 443; Habu, 1967: 158 (synonymized with Parena monostigma).

Parena koreana Kirschenhofer, 1994: 1020 (type locality: Korea: Kaesong; holotype in MTMB). Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Crossoglossa monostigma Bates: Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 40C), designated herein: male, body length = 7.0 mm, pin mounted, " Nagasaki ", "Ex Musaeo / H.W. Bates / 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", "LECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa monostigma / Bates, 1873 / des. SHI H.L. 2011". Paralectotypes: 1 female (MNHN), " Nagasaki ", "Ex Musaeo / H.W. Bates / 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 female (MNHN), " Hiogo ", " Crossoglossa / monostigma / Bates ", "Ex Musaeo / H.W. Bates / 1892". 1 female (NHML), "Type" [round label with red circle], "Hiogo", " Japan./ G. Lewis. / 1910-320", " monostigma / Bates ".

Parena japoincia Jedlička: Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 40D): female, body length = 6.9 mm, board mounted, " Kobe, Jp. / 20.5.907 ", "TYPUS" [red label]; " japonica / sp. n. / Det. Ing. Jedlička" [pink label].

Parena koreana Kirschenhofer: Holotype (MTMB, Fig. 40E): female, body length = 7.7 mm, board mounted, " Korea, Prov. Gang-von / district On-dzong, / Kum-gang san, near / Hotel Go-song, 250 m / No. 322. / 6 August 1975 / leg. J. Papp / et A. Vojnits", " ♀ ", " Holotypus "[red label]; " Parena / koreana m. / det.: Kirschenhofer 94 ", " Parena / monostigma / J. Park 04 ".

Notes on types and synonyms. Crossoglossa monostigma Bates: Several specimens were mentioned from "Hiogo" and " Nagasaki " in the original description. In the collection of MNHN and NHML, we found four specimens in accord with the original description. We designate the only male of them as lectotype herein, although another female bears Bates's determining label. We examined two additional specimens of this species in NHML labeled as "cotype". However, they do not belong to the type series, because their locality "Miyanoshita" is not listed in the original decription. Bates described this species as having five pores on elytral interval 3; however, we found that all examined type series have only three pores, which are consistent with most species in the genus.

Parena japoincia Jedlička: This species was erected based on the different number of pores on the elytral interval 3 compared with P. monostigma. Habu firstly designated it as a synonym of P. monostigma and pointed out that the number of discal pores noted in original description of P. monostigma is incorrect. We agree with this synonymy based on our examined the types of both species.

Parena koreana Kirschenhofer: The original description (Kirschenhofer, 1994) noted that P. koreana is different from P. monostigma in having the elytral black patch occupying the inner five intervals (versus three intervals). However, we found that the holotype of P. koreana has the black patch only four intervals wide. This state should be considered as individual variation and occurs in some specimens from Japan as well. Therefore, we herein synonymize P. koreana with P. monostigma.

Non-type material examined. Japan: 1 female (MNHN), " monostigma Bates, Japon, Lewis ", "COLL. DE CHAUDOIR, 1874", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 male (MNHN), " Japon ", " monostigma Bats ", "Janson, Acq. 1884","MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR". 1 male (MNHN), "environs de Gifu. Japon, 19 Avril 1910, Edme Gallois", " Parena monostigma Bat., det. Ing. Jedlička ", "Das 2le Exeamplar, det. Ing. Jedlička ". 1 ex (MNHN), "Suhara, V.10.53". 2 ex (NHML), "Miyanoshita. / 11.V.-14.V.80", " Japan./ G. Lewis. / 1910-320", " Ex. Coll. / Brit. Mus.", "Co-type" [round label with green circle], " Crossoglossa / monostigma/ Bates", " H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97". 1 male (NHML), " Subashiri. / 4.V.-10.V.80.", " Japan./ G. Lewis. / 1910- 320" <Fig. 42B>. 1 female (IZAS), " KYOTO, 9.5.1931 KEKI". China: 1 male (IZAS), " Zhejiang, Lin'an, W. Tianmushan, Zhonglieci, N30.32, E119.45, 350 m, 2010.V.1, Song Haitian leg." <Figs 40F, 42A>. 3 females (SNU), " Mt. West Tianmu, Zhejiang prov., alt. 300 m, 27-IV-2008, He & Tang leg.".

Comparisons. This species is easily distinguished from all other species of subgenus Bothynoptera in having a single black patch in the middle of elytra. Some specimens of P. fasciata are somewhat similar to this species but differ in having the elytral patch wider, at least five intervals wide, and the first setigerous pore on interval 3 very close to elytra base.

Description. Body length 6.3–7.7 mm. Head and pronotum reddish brown, elytra yellowish brown, with an elongate black patch on middle, three (or four in some specimens) intervals wide; legs, antennae, and mouthparts yellowish brown; venter yellowish brown. Labrum weakly dilated to apex, apex straight. Pronotum nearly cordate, PW/PL = 1.29–1.40, slightly wider than head in most specimens, PW/HW = 0.98–1.16; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, well rounded at anterior half, and then strongly narrowed to base and sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular with rounded apex. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface with isodiametric microsculpture; striae shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals with sparse punctures. Males with biseriate adhesive setae near apex of mesotarsomere 2 and apical two-thirds of mesotarsomere 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout, in dorsal view apex only slightly bent to right; in lateral view ventral margin slightly expanded near middle; apical lamella thick and short, slightly narrowed to apex, LL slightly smaller than LW, apex rounded. Endophallus with squamate sac unequally divided. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly less than basal width, apex slightly concave near middle, with five or six ensiform setae, two of them grouped on outer angle.

Distribution (Map 8, green). Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Russia (Amur, Primorye), China (Zhejiang).