Interchangeability of Kinematic and Gravitational Time Dilation

This manuscript hypothesizes that space-time curvature is created by the finite speed of interactions and motions within a given mass. It also aims to show that gravitational and kinematic time dilation can be interchangeable mathematically and observationally.

To support the claims, several mathematical and observational relations are presented at the planetary, galactic, intergalactic and cosmologic scales, e.g. the similarity of the escape velocity and the speed of the seismic P-wave passing through the centre of the Earth, galactic rotational curves following the total time dilation (gravitational & rotational), the equivalency of the Milky Way speed towards the Great Attractor and the total time dilation at our location within the galaxy, the mathematical equivalency of the Hubble formula and the gravitational time dilation at the cosmological scale. It is shown that the kinematic and gravitational time dilation resemble each other to the extent that kinematic time dilation is confused with gravitational dilation (dark matter) while gravitational time dilation is being confused with kinematic dilation (Great Attractor, dark energy, Big Bang).

New formulas are derived to distinguish GR from Newtonian gravity. The logic is similar to the speed of sound travelling faster in heavier materials, not because they are heavier, but because of the specific way the interactions propagate through the material. The formulas can generate simple predictions to validate further the hypothesis based on observations from the Moon, Mars or in a laboratory.

Another proposed validation of the hypothesis may bring a practical benefit. It may be possible to build an Alcubierre drive from an ammonia molecule, where the frequent and spontaneous tunnelling of the heavy nitrogen atom must be creating significant and asymmetrical space-time curvature that can be steered electrically because the molecule is polar.