Clerodendrum excavatum De Wildeman 1909
Authors/Creators
- 1. Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium & Herbarium et bibliothèque de botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP 244, 1050 Brussels, Belgium & Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. Service général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, Brussels, Belgium pierre. meerts @ plantentuinmeise. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4215 - 027 X
Description
8. Clerodendrum excavatum De Wildeman (1909: 132 & pl. XI; 1910a: 401; 1920b: 167); Moldenke (1986a: 355);
Lebrun & Stork (1997: 511); Pollard (2022: 24).Type:— D.R. CONGO. Env. Yambuya, 1906, Solheid 379 (lectotype designated here: BR0000008976116!, BR0000008976130!).
= Clerodendrum grandifolium G ü rke (1893: 173); Durand & Schinz (1896: 223); Baker (1900: 307); Durand & Durand (1909: 439); Lejoly et al. (2010: 294). Type:—Oberes Kongogebiet [D.R. CONGO], Land der Majakalla am Quango, November 1880, Mechow 530 (holotype: B, not seen), nom. illeg. non Clerodendrum grandifolium Salisb. (Salisbury 1796: 108).
= Clerodendrum excavatum var. cuneatum De Wildeman (1909: 132, pl. XI, Fig 1-3) ≡ Clerodendrum grandifolium var. cuneatum (De Wild.) Thomas (1936: 63), nom. illeg. Type:—D.R. CONGO. Mogandjo, March 1906, M. Laurent 1913 (holotype: BR0000008976154 (leaves)!, BR0000008971128 (flowers)!).
= Clerodendrum excavatum var. rotundatum De Wildeman (1909: 133, pl. XI Fig 4; 1912b: 192; 1920b: 167). Type:—D.R. CONGO. Env. Yambuya, 1906, Solheid 379 (holotype: BR0000008976116!, BR0000008976130!), nom. illeg.
= Clerodendrum globuliflorum Thomas (1936: 99); Huber (1963: 443); Lebrun & Stork (1997: 511); Vande weghe et al. (2016: 743). Type:— FERNANDO PO. Nordseite d. Piks v. Sta. Isabel oberhalb Basilé, Wald ü ber der Kakao-Region, Mildbraed 6345 (holotype: B, not seen; iso-: HBG513436).
Shrub 1–3 m high or liana up to 15 m high and 2 cm thick. Twigs papillate when young, up to 2 cm thick when defoliated, hollow, inhabited by ants, with persistent petiole bases straight, 9–12 mm long. Leaf: petiole 2–11 cm, up to 2.5 mm thick, canaliculate, stiff, glabrous; lamina elliptic to obovate-elliptic, (8–)20–31 × (4–) 10–16 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate, glabrous, margin entire to undulate, 5–7 pairs of veins slightly impressed above. Inflorescence axillary on defoliated shoots, capitate, 4–9 cm in diam. (corolla excluded), axis 1–2 cm, sometimes with secondary axes 5 mm. Flower: pedicel 3–15 mm, glabrous; bracteoles narrowly ovate to linear, 4–10 mm long, purplish or violaceous, shortly ciliate; calyx (13–) 18–28 mm long, tube narrow, lobes ovate to ovate-elliptic, (10–)14–21 × (4–) 5–8 mm, acute to acuminate, glabrous, purplish or violaceous, 5-veined, reticulum prominulent, margin smooth or, more rarely, with a few cilia 0.5–1 mm in tip; corolla: tube 100–170 mm, greenish, generally with sessile glands, more rarely with glandular hairs, lobes elliptic ca. 15 mm long, subglabrous and with sessile glands on outer surface, cream, sometimes reddish tinged, stamens protruding 30–35 mm, anther ca. 3 mm long. Fruit: not observed.
Distribution in Central Africa:—D.R. Congo.
Distribution elsewhere:— Central African republic, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon.
Habitat:—Rainforest of various types, sciaphilous species; 300–1000 m.
Selection of representative specimens:—D.R. CONGO. Mayombe: s.l., 1909, Deleval s. n. (BR!). Bas-Congo: Région de Kilemfu, s.d., Gillet s. n. (BR!); Kisantu, 20 December 1920, Schouteden 126 (BR!). Kasaï: s. l., 1925, Achten 761 (BR!); Kakenge, November 1937, Gillardin 303 (BR!); Kapanga, July 1933, Overlaet 985 (BR!). Forestier Central: Boyekoli Ebale Congo expedition 601, Gille 269 (BR!); à 20 km de Yalibwa, 17 January 1936, Louis 1035 (BR!). Ubangui-Uele: Bas-Uele, 27 December 1934, De Wulf 522 (BR!); Entre Libenge et Zongo, November 1930, Lebrun 1702 (BR!). Lacs Edouard & Kivu: Territ. Kalehe, Kabishula, 13 March 1954, Christiaensen 397 (BR!).
Lectotypification of Clerodendrum excavatum De Wild. In the protologue, De Wildeman (1909: 132) considered that his new species comprised two varieties, which he referred to as “ var. cuneatum ” and “ var. rotundatum ”, respectively; therefore, one of the two names is illegitimate. Thomas (1936) and Moldenke (1986a) considered “ var. rotundatum ” as representing the type variety and I follow this interpretation here by designating Solheid 379 as the lectotype of Clerodendrum excavatum De Wild. Therefore, Clerodendrum excavatum var. rotundatum De Wild. is illegitimate.
2. Clerodendrum globuliflorum Thomas (1936: 99) is a morphotype with corolla 60 mm long, shorter than the type, and corolla tube densely glandular-pubescent; Pollard (2022) regards it as a synonym. In our territory, the corolla is generally longer and with sessile glands or, more rarely, with sparse glandular hairs.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- De Wildeman
- Kingdom
- Plantae
- Phylum
- Tracheophyta
- Order
- Lamiales
- Family
- Lamiaceae
- Genus
- Clerodendrum
- Species
- excavatum
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype , lectotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Clerodendrum excavatum Wildeman, 1909 sec. Meerts, 2023
References
- De Wildeman, E. (1909) Etudes sur la flore du Bas- et du Moyen-Congo. Annales du Musee du Congo, Botanique, serie 5, 3 (1): 1 - 147.
- Moldenke, H. N. (1986 a) Notes on the genus Clerodendrum (Verbenaceae). XIV. Phytologia 59 (5): 324 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 2777
- Lebrun, J. - P. & Stork, A. (1997) Enumeration des plantes a fleurs d'Afrique. IV. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Geneve, Geneve, 712 pp.
- Pollard, B. (2022) Clerodendrum. In: Sosef, M. S. M., Florence, J., Bourobou Bourobou, H. P., Bissiengou, P. (eds.) Flore du Gabon, vol. 58. Labiatae. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, pp. 17 - 40.
- Durand, T. & Schinz, H. (1896) Etudes sur la flore du Congo. I. Bruxelles, Hayez. Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 39 (2): 53 - 82.
- Baker, E. G. (1900) Clerodendrum. In: Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 5. Lovell Reeve & Co, London, pp. 292 - 314.
- Durand, T. & Durand, H. (1909) Sylloge florae congolanae [Phanerogamae]. De Boeck, Bruxelles, 716 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3666516
- Lejoly, J., Ndjele, M. - B. & Geerinck, D. (2010) Catalogue-Flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo), ed. 4. Taxonomania 30: 1 - 307.
- Salisbury, R. A. (1796) Prodromus Stirpium in Horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium. London. 422 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 427
- Thomas, B. (1936) Die Gattung Clerodendrum inAfrika. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 68: 1 - 106.
- Huber, H. (1963) Clerodendrum. In: Hepper, F. N. (Ed.) Flora of West Tropical Africa, 2 nd Ed., vol. 2. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, pp. 439 - 445.
- Vande weghe, J. P., Bidault, E. & Stevart, T. (2016) Plantes a fleurs du Gabon. ANPN, Libreville, 792 pp.