Dravidian dataset for the Lindgren (2023) study

Dataset on Dravidian languages, focusing on Tulu, accompanying the master's thesis of Lindgren (2023). Includes data from the author's fieldwork, contributions from other authors, and data adapted from the Kolipakam et al. (2018) study.

The author collected a set of lexical items for comparative analysis to address the classification of Tulu, Koraga, and Bellari within the Dravidian language family. This dataset included 114 comparative concepts previously collected for the study of Bellari (Bhat, 1971), the Leipzig-Jakarta list of lexical items, a subset of the 100-word Swadesh list not present in the Leipzig-Jakarta list, and counting words from 1 to 10, and a more extensive list of pronouns, totalling 231 comparative concepts. Word lists were gathered from various sources, including grammars and dictionaries, for Bellari (Bhat, 1971), four Koraga varieties (Onti, Tappu, and Mudu from Bhat, 1971; Ande from Shetty, 2008), Kannada (Kittel, 1894; Učida, Rajapurohit & Takashima, 2018; Spencer, 1950; Zydenbos, 2011; Sridhar, 1990), Malayalam (Moag & Moag, 1967; Asher & Kumari, 1967; Sudha, 1984; Jiang, 2010), Tamil (Borin et al., 2013), Byari (Upadhyaya, 2011), and Pattapu (IRA, 2013), and three Tulu varieties. The Tulu word lists included those from M. M. Bhat (1967), a dictionary of Tulu including words from multiple dialects, a Madhwa Brahmin wordlist collected from Bhatt (1971), and a wordlist from data collected through the author's fieldwork. Data for several other languages, namely Telugu, Koya, Kolami, Gondi, Parji, Ollari Gadba, Kuwi, Kurukh, Malto, Brahui, Yeruva, Kodava, Badga, Toda, Kota, and Betta Kurumba, were included from Kolipakam et al. (2018), as well as additional data for Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Tulu from the same source. The latter’s Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Tulu wordlists were added as separate doculects.

Concepts not given in Concepticon are marked by an initial asterisk (e.g., "*BETEL LEAF"). Most of these are concepts distinguishing pronouns in the languages, such as marking distinctions between remote and proximate (e.g., "*3SG.I.R" and "*3SG.I.P"), which the author considered essential for comparing the languages also due to the conservativeness of some forms and phonemes (e.g., the presence of /a/ for remote and /i/ for proximate in most languages). The labels for pronoun concepts not given in Concepticon are built with the following constituents:

• "2SG" : second singular
• "3PL" : third plural
• "3SG" : third singular
• "A" : animate
• "F" : female
• "H" : honorific
• "I" : inanimate
• "M" : male
• "P" : proximate
• "R" : remote

References

Asher, R. E. & Kumari, T. C. (1997). Malayalam. Descriptive Grammars Series, Descriptive Grammars. London & New York: Routledge.

Bhat, D. N. S. (1971). The Koraga language. Poona: Deccan College.

Bhat, M. M. (1967). Tulu-English dictionary. Madras: University of Madras.

Bhatt, S. L. (1971). A Grammar of Tulu (A Dravidian Language). Ann Arbor: UMI. (Doctoral dissertation, Madison: University of Wisconsin.)

Borin, L.; Comrie, B. & Saxena, A. (2013). The Intercontinental Dictionary Series – a rich and principled database for language comparison. In Borin, L. & Saxena, A. (eds) Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences, 285–302. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.

IRA [ISO 639-3 Registration Authority] (2013). Change Request Number 2013-020: adopted create [ptq] (2014-03-05). Dallas: SIL International.

Jiang, H. (2010). Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text. Houston: Department of Linguistics, Rice University.

Kittel, F. (1894). A Kannaḍa-English dictionary. Mangalore: Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository.

Kolipakam, V.; Jordan, F. M.; Dunn, M.; Greenhill, S. J.; Bouckaert, R.; Gray, R. D. & Verkerk, A. (2018). A Bayesian phylogenetic study of the Dravidian language family. Royal Society open science, 5(3), 171504. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171504

Moag, R. & Moag, R. (1967). A course in Colloquial Malayalam. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Peace Corps.

Shetty, R. (2008). Koraga Grammar. Kuppam: Department of Dravidian Computational Linguistics, Dravidian University.

Spencer, H. (1950). A Kanarese Grammar. Mysore City: Wesley Press.

Sridhar, S. N. 1990. Kannada. (Descriptive Grammars Series, Descriptive Grammars.) London & New York: Routledge.

Sudha, B. B. (1984). Case grammar of standard Malayalam. (Doctoral dissertation, Trivandrum: University of Kerala.)

Učida, N.; Rajapurohit, B. B. & Takashima, J. (2018). Kannada-English Etymological Dictionary. Tokyo: ILCAA.

Upadhyaya, S. P. (2011). Beary language: descriptive grammar and comparative study. Mangalore: Karnataka Beary Sahithya Academy.

Zydenbos, R. (2011). A grammar of Kannada. Ms.