Fig. 4 in A revision of the Philoliche aethiopica species complex (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Fig. 4. Graph showing variation in the index of frons divergence (IFD) for the Philoliche aethiopica species complex. On the right, markers indicate the arithmetic mean for each species group with error bars for the standard deviation. The index of frons divergence differs significantly between the rondani and aethiopica species groups (Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis one-way rank-sums test for non-normal distributions: χ2=33.7333, p<0.0001). The distinction between the rondani and aethiopica species groups occurs around an index of frons divergence of 2.1.