Glutathione and neodiosmin feedback sustain plant immunity
Authors/Creators
- 1. Shandong Agriculture University
- 2. Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., LTD*
- 3. Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences
Description
Plants have evolved a two-layer immune system comprising pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that is activated in response to pathogen invasion. Microbial patterns and pathogen effectors can be recognized by surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellularly localized nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to trigger PTI and ETI responses, respectively. At present, the metabolites activated by PTI and ETI and their roles and signalling pathways in plant immunity are not well understood. In this study, metabolomic analysis showed that ETI and PTI induced various flavonoids and amino acids and their derivatives in plants. Interestingly, both glutathione and neodiosmin content were specifically up-regulated by ETI and PTI, respectively, which significantly enhanced plant immunity. Further studies showed that glutathione and neodiosmin failed to induce a plant immune response in which PRRs/co-receptors were mutated. In addition, glutathione-reduced mutant gsh1 analysis showed that GSH1 is also required for PTI and ETI. Finally, we propose a model in which glutathione and neodiosmin are considered signature metabolites induced in the process of ETI and PTI activation in plants and further continuous enhancement of plant immunity in which PRRs/co-receptors are needed. This model is beneficial for an in-depth understanding of the closed-loop mode of the positive feedback regulation of PTI and ETI signals at the metabolic level.
Notes
Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
Award Number: 32072500
Funding provided by: Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: 2020CXGC010803
Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
Award Number: 31872925
Funding provided by: Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: 2021TZXD007-04-4
Funding provided by: Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund of Shandong Province*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: JQ201807
Funding provided by: Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: 2019KJF023
Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation
Award Number: 32072500
Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation
Award Number: 31872925
Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation
Award Number: 32272557
Funding provided by: Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan
Award Number: 2020CXGC010803
Funding provided by: Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan
Award Number: 2021TZXD007-04-4
Funding provided by: Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province
Award Number: 2019KJF023
Funding provided by: Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province, Shandong Province Postdoctoral Innovation Project
Award Number: 202103027
Funding provided by: Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
Award Number: ZR2022QC114, ZR2022ZD23
Files
Raw_metabolomics_data_and_peak_annotation_parameters.zip
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Additional details
Related works
- Is cited by
- 10.1093/jxb/erac442 (DOI)