ACUTE APPENDICITIS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

A review of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of acute appendicitis for the period 1980–2021 was carried out. Surgical interventions performed for acute appendicitis take the first place in relation to all other urgent operations, the share of appendectomy is, according to different authors, from 20 to 85%. There is a fairly clear relationship between an increase in the frequency of destructive forms of acute appendicitis with an increase in the age of patients. Currently, for instrumental diagnosis of acute appendicitis, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, CT of the abdominal cavity and laparoscopy are used.

In modern abdominal surgery in complex clinical situations, laparoscopy is the main invasive method for diagnosing acute appendicitis, as many authors believe. This method makes it possible to exclude overdiagnosis of acute appendicitis and unnecessary appendectomy, as well as to detect diseases that occur under the guise of acute appendicitis. Despite the widespread introduction, there are still debates about the preferential use of laparoscopic or open appendectomy. The main problems of the postoperative period of both laparoscopic and open appendectomy are purulent-inflammatory complications. Prevention and treatment of purulent complications after appendectomy remain relevant and difficult tasks of clinical surgery, which requires the improvement of surgical treatment methods.