Gramsci, penseur de l'hégémonie en ses crises
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This article seeks to explore Antonio Gramsci’s analysis of history, developed in the 20th
century between both World Wars, a period of critical importance and change, much like the
one we are ourselves living through. This article chooses to interrogate the notion of
modernity through that of crisis, the apparent highlight of modernity’s failures. Hegemony, a
central concept in the historical philosophy developed by Gramsci, is indissociable from the
notion of crisis. This article argues that Gramsci’s work holds both theoretical and practical
interest for today’s politics since the philosophy of praxis promoted by the author is at once
conscious activity and active conception, and therefore merits a rereading. The nature of the
crisis itself seems to be related to several concepts such as processuality, organicity and
morbidity. It is through the analysis of the many forms the notion of crisis takes – organic
crisis, integral State crisis, revolutionary crisis, crisis of capitalism, epochal crisis – that this
article aims to inscribe reflections on crisis in realistic historicism, to go beyond abstract
language and to reinforce the importance of real socio-historical events.
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