Milk Fever in Dairy Cows: Causes, Pathophysiology, Prevention Strategies and Treatment
- 1. 1Department of Veterinary Pathology 2Animal Nutrition Division, IVRI, Bareilly (UP) 3Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ludhiana, Punjab- 141 002
Description
The welfare and economic impact of milk fever in dairy cows is significant. Milk fever is a metabolic disease of adult females, occurring most commonly at the time of parturition and characterized by hypocalcemia, severe muscular weakness, sternal and lateral recumbency, circulatory collapse and depression of consciousness (DeGaris and Lean, 2008). Milk fever is a sporadic disease. In cattle, it occurs at three main stages in the lactation cycle - a) Prepartum stage: About 3% cases occur few days before calving, b) At calving: About 6% cases occur just few hours before or at the time of parturition, c) Post-partum stage: About 91% cases occur in this stage. Distribution of these 91% cases is as follows - i) 75% occur within 24 hours after calving. ii) 12% cases occur between 24-48 hours after calving. iii) 4% cases occur 48 hours after calving (Chakrabarti, 2012).
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