MODULATIONS IN THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM BY NICOTINE AND RED GRAPE EXTRACT IN THE LIVER TISSUE OF MALE ALBINO RAT WITH REFERENCE TO AGING

ABSTRACT

The grape (Vitis vinifera) has been well recognized worldwide for over 2,000 years as one among the edible sweet fruits and recognized for its wide spectrum of biological properties. In vitro studies showed that red grape has significant antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory action and protection against hepatic damage. Tobacco plants that have been domesticated and used to obtain the alkaloid nicotine. Nicotine also induces oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro that causes a peroxidant/antioxidant imbalance in tissues. Age matched rats were be divided into 4 groups of six in each group and treated as follows: Group I. Normal Control (NC) (Control rats received 0.9% saline). Group II. Nicotine treated (Nt) (at a dose of 0.6 mg/ kg body weight by subcutaneous injection for a period of 2 months ). Group III. Red grape extract treated (RGEt).(Red grape extract treatment at a doses of 50 mg/ kg body weight via orogastric tube for a period of 2 months). Group IV. Nicotine treated + Red grape extract treated (Nt+RGEt) (The forth group of rats were received the nicotine + red grape extract as followed by the second and third group). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hrs after the last treatment by cervical dislocation and isolated the liver tissue such as the activities of the levels of Total Corbohydrates, Glycogen and Total free amino acids, were significantly decreased in nicotine treated rats in the liver tissue and enhance was observed in the combination treatment (Nt+RGEt), but Red grape extract treatment at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight found to be more effective. This results stating that red grape extract treated rats were beneficial, especially for the nicotine subjects to improve the carbohydrate metabolic profile.