MICROMYCETES OF SKIN AND GILL OF CYPRINUS CARPIO AS ACTION OF SURFACE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

The article analyzes the changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of micromycetes of the surface of the skin and gills of Cyprinus carpio in response to the contamination of the aquatic environment with surfactants.

The purpose of the article was to study the effect of surfactants on the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of microscopic fungi of the surface of the skin and gills of the carp.

Methodology. The studies were conducted in May–September 2018 on the basis of the chemical-toxicological department of the Chernihiv Regional State Laboratory of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. Experiments on the influence of xenobiotics on the development of the microbiota of the body surface and gills of fish were carried out in laboratory conditions on two-year-old carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Potassium phosphate, a sodium lauryl sulfate synthetic detergent, and a phosphate-free detergent that met two maximum permissible concentrations were introduced into the water to simulate contamination. Controls were micromycetes of

the skin surface and gills of fish that were in aquarium water without the addition of contaminants.

Sampling for microbiological examination was carried out from the skin and gills of Cyprinus carpio by conventional methods. The detection of microscopic fungi was carried out by the method of accumulation in Petri dishes using agar medium Chapek. Isolation of micromycetes was performed by the method of dilution.

Scientific novelty is to establish quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of microscopic fungi of the surface of the skin and gills of the carp by the action of surfactants, such studies have not been conducted before.

Conclusions. The microbial coenosis of the surface of the skin and gills of Cyprinus carpio includes microscopic fungi. Mushrooms of the genus Aspergillus form the nucleus of the Cyprinus carpio mycobiota. Among the studied fungi are pathogenic species that can cause disease and even death of fish. These include representatives of the genera Phoma, Fusarium, Cladosporium. With the action of synthetic detergents, the development of microscopic fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Cladosporium on the skin of the fish is slightly stimulated. In addition to the above, isolated from the biological material of the control group fish, from the skin and gills of the fish, which were exposed to surfactants, were sown fungi Alternaria sp., Helminthosporium bondarzewi, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces sp, Trichothecium roseum.