4R NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN VARIOUS CROPS- A REVIEW

Abstract:

The production of food crops worldwide is significantly secured by fertilizers. In fact, it's believed that fertilizers today sustain 40–60% of the world's crop production. The careful use of fertilizer nutrients is necessary to achieve future food security targets. The 4R Nutrient Stewardship standards were created by the fertilizer industry as a method to direct fertilizer Best Management Practices (BMP) in every region of the world.This method was required to address the growing worry that fertilizers are administered carelessly to the harm of the environment. The majority of users are extremely cautious about the rates of nutrients they apply due to the fact that farmers buy fertilizers at international prices in the majority of places, and these prices have been gradually rising over time. The fertilizer industry must unite in its promotion of BMs that support increased nutrient usage effectiveness and environmental sustainability while supporting the farmer's profitability in order to prevent needless policy intervention by governments.When their availability and crop demand are coordinated, nutrient utilization efficiency can be considerably boosted. Fertilizer nutrients can be applied at different times for more effective crop uptake. Other methods include split application times, controlled and slow release fertilizer technology, stabilizers, and inhibitors. Making every effort to retain nutrients where crops can utilize them is referred to as "right position." Small-scale agriculture systems, where the majority of fertilizer is spread sprayed, often without assimilation, present the greatest challenge to this problem. According to research, fertilizer placement can greatly increase fertilizer use efficiency by lowering nutrient delivery rates while simultaneously improving crop responsiveness.