Dryad
Published August 26, 2022 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Sexual signals persist over deep time: ancient co-option of bioluminescence for courtship displays in cypridinid ostracods

Creators

  • 1. Illumina (United States)
  • 2. University of California, San Diego
  • 3. Cornell University
  • 4. Smithsonian Institution
  • 5. University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
  • 6. University of Kansas
  • 7. California State University Los Angeles
  • 8. University of Wisconsin–Madison
  • 9. University of California, Santa Barbara

Description

Although the diversity, beauty, and intricacy of sexually selected courtship displays command the attention of evolutionists, the longevity of these traits in deep time is poorly understood. Population-based theory suggests sexual selection could either lower or raise extinction risk, resulting in high or low persistence of lineages with sexually selected traits. Furthermore, empirical studies that directly estimate longevity of sexually selected traits are uncommon. Sexually selected signals - including bioluminescent courtship - originated multiple times during evolution, allowing empirical study of their longevity after careful phylogenetic and divergence time analyses. Here, we estimate the first transcriptome-based molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Cypridinidae. We report extreme longevity of bioluminescent courtship, a trait important in mate choice and probably under sexual selection. Our relaxed-clock estimates of divergence times coupled with stochastic character mapping show luminous courtship evolved only once in Cypridinidae in a subtribe we name Luxorina at least 151 million years ago (mya) from cypridinid ancestors that used bioluminescence only in anti-predator displays, defining a tribe we name Luminini. This time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of cypridinids will serve as a foundation for integrative and comparative studies on the biochemistry, molecular evolution, courtship, diversification, and ecology of cypridinid bioluminescence. The persistence of luminous courtship for hundreds of millions of years indicates that rates of speciation within the group exceeded extinction risk, allowing for the persistence of a diverse clade of signalling species and that sexual selection did not cause rapid loss of associated traits.

Notes

List of analysis directories included *.zip files with reference to which figures these analyses were used to generate in the manuscript and in the supplement (Supplement - Revision1 - Aug_25.pdf).

Transcriptome analyses:

  • Transcriptome assemblies (CDS and AA) - transcriptome_assemblies.zip
  • ASTRAL-Pro with all orthofinder orthologs (Fig 1, S1, S2) - Astral_transcriptome_analysis.zip
  • IQ-TREE concatenated orthofinder/phylopypruner (Fig S3) and concordance analysis (Fig S4) - iqtree_transcriptome_analysis.zip

Time Tree analyses:

  • Sortadate and Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis (Fig S5, S6, S7, S8) - SortaDate_SensitivityAnalysis.zip
  • Time tree stochastic character mapping (Fig 2b,c) - timetree_stochastic.zip

Combined transcriptome and mitochondrial phylogeny:

  • Combined mt and transcriptome (Figs 3, S9, S10) and mt only (S11) - mitochondrial_analyses.zip
  • Ancestral State reconstructions (Figs S12, S13) - ancestral_state_reconstruction.zip

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB-1457754

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB-1146337

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB-1457462

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB-1457439

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: BIO PRFB-1711201

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: BIO PRFB-1515576

Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: BIO PRFB-1702011

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Additional details

Related works

Is cited by
10.1101/2021.09.03.458903 (DOI)
10.1093/sysbio/syac057 (DOI)
Is source of
10.5281/zenodo.5498417 (DOI)