ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RICKETS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF PERINATAL DAMAGE TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Objective: To find the best options for the prevention of rickets and the consequences of perinatal damage to the nervous system by studying the influence of factors contributing to the development of these pathologies in young children. Methods: In order to reduce the frequency of background diseases and postneonatal mortality, we carried out work on the prevention of rickets and anemia in 466 children of the first year of life. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that 28.9% of children had signs of rickets. Of the factors on the part of the child, these were the low content of 25(OH)D3 in the blood serum of children (78.3%), the lack of prevention of rickets with vitamin D in the 1st year of life (68.9%), frequent acute respiratory viral infections (49.4 %), insufficient exposure to fresh air for less than 20 minutes (38.6%), time of birth of the child (autumn-winter period) (32.4%), perinatal factors (32.1%), birth weight of the child over 3500 g (24.7%). At the same time, such factors as prematurity, low levels of calcium and phosphorus, as well as manifestations of ventriculodelta during neurosonography, had a smaller contribution to the formation of risk factors for morbidity in infants and amounted to 9.2±1.3%, 24.0 ±2.0%, 17.2±1.7% and 14.4±1.7%, respectively. The main risk factors for the formation of rickets on the part of mothers are the lack of vitamin D intake during pregnancy (85.2%), malnutrition during pregnancy (59.0%), iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy (62.0%), housewives (48.0%). .5%), young age of the mother during the 1st pregnancy (54.1%) and complicated childbirth (47.8%), while toxicosis of pregnant women accounted for only 13.7%. Conclusions. The most common factors predisposing to the development of rickets were unbalanced nutrition of children and their mothers, the lack of preventive measures by giving vitamin D and walking in the fresh air, therapeutic exercises and massage. At the same time, rickets quite often predisposed to the development of the consequences of perinatal damage to the nervous system, frequent SARS. This dictates the need to develop measures for the prevention of rickets, a differentiated approach to its treatment with vitamin D.