Моделювання процесу вибору локалізації інвестиційного проекту: ринковий аспект

The article presents the results of a study of the criteria behind the decision-making process. In order to achieve the goal formulated in this way, a study was conducted to determine the need to take into account various influencing factors, motives, decision-making methods, reasoning and pressure (which can be both conscious and unconscious). It is proven that in the process of choosing the location of the enterprise, there is a comparison of alternatives of its cost, such as land on lease cost, construction and installation works, bringing communications to the land plot, other types of costs, including those not directly related to the production process. Various forms of direct and indirect support from state authorities and local self-governments can also affect the cost of the investment project (in the direction of its reduction). These, as well as other mentioned limitations, form the specificity of decision-making by the investor. It was determined that the gradual evolution of the economy and technology changed and developed the concept of location factors and their number. Currently, the factors that are taken into account by the investor when choosing a location are defined as special economic characteristics of the territory that affect the amount of investment and production costs of localized objects - costs that change along with the change in location. From this follows the conclusion that the location of the enterprise is the most important problem for the recipient, as it also includes investment costs. The choice of location is a rational economic decision that affects further working conditions, costs, and the overall efficiency of enterprises. It has been identified that the division of factors into soft and hard helps to interpret the role of local authorities in the investor's decision-making process. At the same time, it is shown that the choice of this place in the most general situation takes place on three levels: determination of the location region, choice of the final number of places, and final choice of location.