Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection - current reports on prevention, diagnosis and effective therapy

Wacławska Monika, Wacławska Marcelina, Wieteska Małgorzata, Maj Dominik. Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection - current reports on prevention, diagnosis and effective therapy. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(7):49-58. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.006

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.006

https://zenodo.org/record/6547959

The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.

Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).

Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.

Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).

© The Authors 2022;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

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Received: 25.04.2022. Revised: 09.05.2022. Accepted: 11.05.2022.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection - current reports on prevention, diagnosis and effective therapy

Monika Wacławska₁, Marcelina Wacławska₁, Małgorzata Wieteska₁, Dominik Maj₂,

(1)Student Research Circle at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

(2) Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Wołoska Street 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland

Corresponding author: Monika Wacławska; monika.waclawska25@gmail.com

ID and e-mail:

Monika Wacławska; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-7744, monika.waclawska25@gmail.com

Małgorzata Wieteska: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-7559; malgosia.wieteska@onet.eu

Dominik Maj: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-4130; domimaj9@gmail.com

Marcelina Wacławska  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7150-3682, marcelinawaclawska@gmail.com

Abstract:

Congenital CMV-cCMV- infection is the most common congenital viral infection in the world, especially in developing countries. It is a serious problem because it can contribute to the development of severe neurodevelopmental disorders and is also the main cause of sensorineural hearing loss. A high risk of adverse effects on the fetus occurs with CMV infection in early pregnancy, but infection can be transmitted from mother to fetus also in cases of secondary infections. Despite the high prevalence of up to 2% of all births, screening for CMV has not yet been established and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have not been standardized. The aim of this article is to review the current reports on the early detection of congenital CMV, as well as effective methods of its prevention and the best treatment.

Unfortunately, the literature review shows that there are no preventive measures other than proper hygiene during pregnancy. However, many clinical trials are currently underway to develop a CMV effective vaccine. Currently, the infection can be detected already at the stage of fetal life using PCR tests detecting the genetic material of the virus in the amniotic fluid. However, the treatment of already diagnosed congenital CMV is based on antiviral therapy for a period of 12 months, but only in symptomatic infants due to side effects such as neutropenia. Currently, the effectiveness of such treatment reduces the percentage of children with hearing loss and neurological disorders. Pregnant mothers should be educated on how to prevent infections, and doctors' task is to update data on the latest diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.

Key words: congenital cytomegaly infection, CMV, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, antibodies against CMV