Biofilms Formation and its various effects in the Field of Biotechnology

Biofilms are manifested in nature and the complex surface (bacterial, algal and fungal)require attachment areas which are termed as an Extracellular matrix(ECP) which is made of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides etc. The nature of microbes may vary in different habitat and environment. As we know that biofilms are found in planktonic or sessile surfaces, on the basis of that it categories in five phases; Cell attachment, Cell to cell adhesion, Cell proliferation and growth, Cell maturation and Cell detachment and dispersal. The role of Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) is to immobilize biofilm cells, maintained long-term proximity and allows intense interactions to occur, including; horizontal gene transfer, cell-cell communication and also the formation of synergistic microbial interaction. It was demonstrated that micro-structural and mechanical properties of biofilms can be developed via colloidal self-assembly cells and polymers.