Published October 26, 2021 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology

Description

González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.

Linked records

Additional details

References

  • Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukes J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cardenas P, Cepicka I, Chistyakova L, Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG , Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q. 2019. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66: 4-119.
  • Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215: 403-410.
  • Arrieira RL, Schwind LTF, Joko CY, Alves GM, Velho LFM, Lansac-Toha FA. 2016. Relationships between environmental conditions and the morphological variability of planktonic testate amoeba in four neotropical floodplains. European Journal of Protistology 56: 180-190.
  • Arrieira RL, Schwind LTF, Bonecker CC, Lansac- Toha FA. 2017. Temporal dynamics and environmental predictors on the structure of planktonic testate amoebae community in four neotropical floodplains. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 32: 35-47.
  • Bates ST, Clemente JC , Flores GE, Walters WA , Parfrey LW, Knight R , Fierer N. 2013. Global biogeography of highly diverse protistan communities in soil. ISME Journal 7: 652-659.
  • Birch H, Coxall HK, Pearson PN, Kroon D, O'Regan M. 2013. Planktonic foraminifera stable isotopes and water column structure: disentangling ecological signals. Marine Micropaleontology 101: 127-145.
  • Blandenier Q, Lara E, Mitchell EAD, Alcantara DMC, Siemensma FJ, Todorov M, Lahr DJG. 2017. NAD9/ NAD7 (mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase gene) - a new 'Holy Grail' phylogenetic and DNA-barcoding marker for Arcellinida (Amoebozoa)? European Journal of Protistology 58: 175-186.
  • Boenigk J, Ereshefsky M, Hoef-Emden K, Mallet J, Bass D. 2012. Concepts in protistology: Species definitions and boundaries. European Journal of Protistology 48: 96-102.
  • Caromel AGM, Schmidt DN, Phillips JC, Rayfield EJ. 2014. Hydrodynamic constraints on the evolution and ecology of planktic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology 106: 69-78.
  • Carter HJ. 1856. Notes on the freshwater Infusoria of the island of Bombay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Ser. 2 18: 221-249.
  • Casabella-Herrero G, Martinez-Rios M, Viljamaa- Dirks S, Martin-Torrijos L, Dieguez-Uribeondo J. 2021. Aphanomyces astaci mtDNA: insights into the pathogen's differentiation and its genetic diversity from other closely related oomycetes. Fungal Biology 125: 316-325.
  • Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. 1987. Single-step method of rna isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol- chloroform extraction. Analytical Biochemistry 162: 156-159.
  • Cicak A, McLaughlin JJA, Wittenberg JB. 1963. Oxygen in the gas vacuole of the rhizopod protozoan, Arcella. Nature 199: 983-985.
  • Cockburn CF, Gregory BRB, Nasser NA, Patterson RT. 2020. Intra-lake Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) response to winter de-icing contamination in an eastern Canada roadside 'Salt Belt' lake. Microbial Ecology 80: 366-383.
  • Collin B. 1914. Notes protistologiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 54: 85-97.
  • Coyne JA, Orr HA. 1989. Patterns of speciation in Drosophila. Evolution 43: 362-381.
  • Dalby AP, Kumar A, Moore JM, Patterson RT. 2000. Utility of arcellaceans (thecamoebians) as paleolimnological indicators in tropical settings: Lake Sentani, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 30: 135-142.
  • Dayrat B. 2005. Towards integrative taxonomy. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85: 407-417.
  • Deflandre G. 1928. Le genre Arcella Ehrenberg. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 64: 152-287.
  • Duckert C, Blandenier Q, Kupferschmid FAL , Kosakyan A, Mitchell EAD, Lara E, Singer D. 2018. En garde! Redefinition of Nebela militaris (Arcellinida, Hyalospheniidae) and erection of Alabasta gen. nov. European Journal of Protistology 66: 156-165.
  • Dumack K , Gorzen D , Gonzalez-Miguens R , Siemensma F, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Bonkowski M. 2020. Molecular investigation of Phryganella acropodia Hertwig et Lesser, 1874 (Arcellinida, Amoebozoa). European Journal of Protistology 75: 125707.
  • Ehleringer JR, Cooper TA. 1988. Correlations between carbon isotope ratio and microhabitat in desert plants. Oecologia 76: 562-566
  • Escobar J, Brenner M, Whitmore TJ, Kenney WF, Curtis JH.2008. Ecology of testate amoebae (thecamoebians) in subtropical Florida lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology 40: 715-731.
  • Feres JC, Porfirio-Sousa AL, Ribeiro GM, Rocha GM, Sterza JM, Souza MBG, Soares CEA, Lahr DJG. 2016. Morphological and morphometric description of a novel shelled amoeba Arcella gandalfi sp. nov. (Amoebozoa:Arcellinida) from Brazilian continental waters. Acta Protozoologica 55: 221-229.
  • Fiz-Palacios O, Leander BS, Heger TJ. 2014. Old lineages in a new ecosystem: diversification of arcellinid amoebae (amoebozoa) and peatland mosses. PLoS One 9: e95238.
  • Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294-299.
  • Fournier B, Malysheva E , Mazei Y, Moretti M , Mitchell EAD. 2012. Toward the use of testate amoeba functional traits as indicator of floodplain restoration success. European Journal of Soil Biology 49: 85-91.
  • Fournier B, Lara E, Jassey VEJ, Mitchell EAD. 2015. Functional traits as a new approach for interpreting testate amoeba palaeo-records in peatlands and assessing the causes and consequences of past changes in species composition. Holocene 25: 1375-1383.
  • Giribet G, Edgecombe GD, Wheeler WC, Babbitt C. 2002. Phylogeny and systematic position of opiliones: a combined analysis of chelicerate relationships using morphological and molecular data. Cladistics 18: 5-70.
  • Gilbert D, Mitchell EAD, Amblard C, Bourdier G, Francez AJ. 2003. Population dynamics and food preferences of the testate amoeba Nebela tincta major-bohemicacollaris complex (Protozoa) in a Sphagnum peatland. Acta Protozoologica 42: 99-104.
  • Gomaa F, Todorov M, Heger TJ, Mitchell EAD, Lara E. 2012. SSU rRNA phylogeny of Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) reveals that the largest arcellinid genus, Difflugia Leclerc 1815, is not monophyletic. Protist 163: 389-399.
  • Gomaa F, Yang J, Mitchell EAD, Zhang WJ, Yu Z, Todorov M, Lara E. 2015. Morphological and molecular diversification of Asian endemic Difflugia tuberspinifera (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida): a case of fast morphological evolution in protists? Protist 166: 122-130.
  • Gomaa F, Lahr DJG, Todorov M, Li J, Lara E. 2017. A contribution to the phylogeny of agglutinating Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) based on SSU rRNA gene sequences. European Journal of Protistology 59: 99-107.
  • Gomes e Souza MB. 2021. Tecamebas. Available at: https:// www.tecamebas.com.br/ (accessed 15 March 2021).
  • Greef R. 1866. Ueber einige in der Erde lebende Amoben und andere Rhizopoden. Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomie 2: 299-331.
  • Grospietsch T. 1954. Studien uber die Rhizopodenfauna von Schweidisch Lappland. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 49: 546-580.
  • Hebert PDN, Ratnasingham S, DeWaard JR. 2003. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 270: S96-S99.
  • Heger TJ, Pawlowski J, Lara E, Leander BS, Todorov M, Golemansky V, Mitchell EAD. 2011. Comparing potential COI and SSU rDNA barcodes for assessing the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of cyphoderiid testate amoebae (Rhizaria: Euglyphida). Protist 162: 131-141.
  • Heger TJ, Mitchell EAD, Leander BS. 2013. Holarctic phylogeography of the testate amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) reveals extensive genetic diversity explained more by environment than dispersal limitation. Molecular Ecology 22: 5172-5184.
  • Hegner RW. 1920. The relations between nuclear number, chromatin mass, cytoplasmic mass, and shell characteristics in four pieces of the genus Arcella. Journal of Experimental Zoology 30: 1-95.
  • Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754-755.
  • Huelsenbeck JP, Larget B, Alfaro ME. 2004. Bayesian phylogenetic model selection using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21: 1123-1133.
  • ICZN. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). London: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
  • Inoue K, Harris JL, Robertson CR, Johnson NA, Randklev CR. 2020. A comprehensive approach uncovers hidden diversity in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with the description of a novel species. Cladistics 36: 88-113.
  • Kalyaanamoorthy S, Minh BQ, Wong T, von Haeseler A, Jermiin LS. 2017. ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14: 587-589.
  • Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma KI, Miyata T. 2002. MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research 30: 3059-3066.
  • Kent WS. 1880-1881. A manual of the Infusoria: including a description of all known flagellate, ciliate, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organization and affinities of the sponges, Vol. 1. London: D. Bogue, 1-472.
  • Koenig I, Christinat K, D'inverno M, Mitchell EAD. 2018. Impact of two hot and dry summers on the community structure and functional diversity of testate amoebae in an artificial bog, illustrating their use as bioindicators of peatland health. Mires and Peat 21: 1-24.
  • Kosakyan A, Lara E. 2019. Using testate amoebae communities to evaluate environmental stress: a molecular biology perspective. In: Encyclopedia of environmental health. Dordrecht: Elsevier, 308-313.
  • Kosakyan A, Heger TJ, Leander BS, Todorov M, Mitchell EAD, Lara E. 2012. COI barcoding of nebelid testate amoebae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida): extensive cryptic diversity and redefinition of the Hyalospheniidae Schultze. Protist 163: 415-434.
  • Kosakyan A, Gomaa F, Mitchell EAD, Heger TJ, Lara E. 2013. Using DNA-barcoding for sorting out protist species complexes: a case study of the Nebela tincta-collaris- bohemica group (Amoebozoa; Arcellinida, Hyalospheniidae). European Journal of Protistology 49: 222-237.
  • Kosakyan A, Gomaa F, Lara E, Lahr DJG. 2016a. Current and future perspectives on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of testate amoebae. European Journal of Protistology 55: 105-117.
  • Kosakyan A, Lahr DJG, Mulot M, Meisterfeld R, Mitchell EAD, Lara E. 2016b. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on COI reshuffles the taxonomy of hyalosphenid shelled (testate) amoebae and reveals the convoluted evolution of shell plate shapes. Cladistics 32: 606-623.
  • Kostka M, Lares-Jimenez LF, Tyml T, Dykova I. 2017. Copromyxa laresi n. sp. (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea) and transfer of Cashia limacoides (Page, 1967) to Copromyxa Zopf, 1885. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 64: 173-182.
  • Kudryavtsev A , Pawlowski J , Hausmann K . 2009. Description and phylogenetic relationships of Spumochlamys perforata n. sp. and Spumochlamys bryora n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 56: 495-503.
  • Lahr DJG, Lara E, Mitchell EAD. 2012. Time to regulate microbial eukaryote nomenclature. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 107: 469-476.
  • Lahr DJG, Grant JR, Katz LA. 2013. Multigene phylogenetic reconstruction of the Tubulinea (Amoebozoa) corroborates four of the six major lineages, while additionally revealing that shell composition does not predict phylogeny in the Arcellinida. Protist 164: 323-339.
  • Lahr DJG, Kosakyan A , Lara E , Mitchell EAD , Morais L, Porfirio-Sousa AL, Ribeiro GM, Tice AK, Panek T, Kang S, Brown MW. 2019. Phylogenomics and morphological reconstruction of Arcellinida testate amoebae highlight diversity of microbial eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic. Current Biology 29: 991-1001.
  • Lamentowicz M, Kajukalo-Drygalska K, Kolaczek P, Jassey VEJ, Gabka M, Karpinska-Kolaczek M. 2020. Testate amoebae taxonomy and trait diversity are coupled along an openness and wetness gradient in pine-dominated Baltic bogs. European Journal of Protistology 73: 125674.
  • Lansac-Toha F, Velho L, Costa D, Simoes N, Alves G. 2014. Structure of the testate amoebae community in different habitats in a neotropical floodplain. Brazilian Journal of Biology 74: 181-190.
  • Lara E , Heger TJ, Ekelund F , Lamentowicz M, Mitchell EAD. 2008. Ribosomal RNA genes challenge the monophyly of the Hyalospheniidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida). Protist 159: 165-176.
  • Lara E, Dumack K, Garcia-Martin JM, Kudryavtsev A, Kosakyan A. 2020. Amoeboid protist systematics: a report on the 'Systematics of amoeboid protists' symposium at the VIIIth ECOP/ISOP meeting in Rome, 2019. European Journal of Protistology 76: 125727.
  • Larget B, Simon DL. 1999. Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 750-759.
  • Larson A. 1998. The comparison of morphological and molecular data in phylogenetic systematics. In: DeSalle R, Schierwater B, eds. Molecular approaches to ecology and evolution. Basel: Birkhauser.
  • Leidy J. 1874. Notice of some new fresh-water rhizopods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3rd Series 26: 77-79.
  • Leidy J. 1876. Remarks on Arcella, etc. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3: 28.
  • Leidy J. 1879. Fresh-water rhizopods of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 12: 1-324.
  • Maddison WP. 1997. Gene trees in species trees. Systematic Biology 46: 523-536.
  • Maggi, L. 1888. Sur les Protozoaires vivant sur les mousses des plantes. Archivio Italiano di Biologia 10: 184-189.
  • Mahe F, De Vargas C, Bass D, Czech L, Stamatakis A, Lara E, Singer D, Mayor J, Bunge J, Sernaker S, Siemensmeyer T, Trautmann I, Romac S, Berney C, Kozlov A, Mitchell EAD, Seppey CVW, Egge E, Lentendu G, Wirth R, Trueba G, Dunthorn M. 2017. Parasites dominate hyperdiverse soil protist communities in Neotropical rainforests. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1: 1-8.
  • Marcisz K, Jassey VEJ, Kosakyan A, Krashevska V, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Lamentowicz L, Lamentowicz M, Macumber A, Mazei Y, Mitchell EAD, Nasser NA, Patterson RT, Roe HM, Singer D, Tsyganov AN, Fournier B. 2020. Testate amoeba functional traits and their use in paleoecology. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8. Doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.575966.
  • Marshall KLA, Philpot KE, Stevens M. 2016. Microhabitat choice in island lizards enhances camouflage against avian predators. Scientific Reports 6: 1-10.
  • Martin TE. 1998. Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive? Ecology 79: 656-670.
  • Mas-Peinado P, Buckley D, Ruiz JL, Garcia-Paris M. 2018. Recurrent diversification patterns and taxonomic complexity in morphologically conservative ancient lineages of Pimelia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Systematic Entomology 43: 522-548.
  • Mayden RL. 1997. A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. In: Claridge MF, Dawah HA, Wilson MR, eds. Species: the units of diversity. London: Chapman & Hall.
  • Mayr E. 1944. Systematics and the origin of species, from the viewpoint of a zoologist. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Medioli FS, Scott DB, Abbott BH. 1987. A case study of protozoan intraclonal variability: taxonomic implications. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 17: 28-47.
  • Meisterfeld R. 1991. Vertical distribution of Difflugia hydrostatica (Protozoa, Rhizopoda). Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen 24: 2726-2728.
  • Mignot JP, Ra i kov IB. 1992. Evidence for meiosis in the testate amoeba Arcella. Journal of Protozoology 39: 287-289.
  • Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T. 2010. Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. New Orleans: 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). IEEE, 1-8.
  • Mitchell EAD, Charman DJ, Warner BG. 2008. Testate amoebae analysis in ecological and paleoecological studies of wetlands: past, present and future. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 2115-2137.
  • Mori E, Menchetti M, Zozzoli R, Milanesi P. 2019. The importance of taxonomy in species distribution models at a global scale: the case of an overlooked alien squirrel facing taxonomic revision. Journal of Zoology 307: 43-52.
  • Nasser NA, Patterson RT, Roe HM, Galloway JM, Falck H, Sanei H. 2020. Use of Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) arsenic tolerance limits as a novel tool for biomonitoring arsenic contamination in lakes. Ecological Indicators 113: 106177.
  • Nassonova E, Smirnov A, Fahrni J, Pawlowski J. 2010. Barcoding amoebae: comparison of SSU, ITS and COI genes as tools for molecular identification of naked lobose amoebae. Protist 161: 102-115.
  • Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, Von Haeseler A, Minh BQ. 2015. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32: 268-274.
  • Nguyen-Viet H, Bernard N, Mitchell EAD, Cortet J, Badot PM, Gilbert D. 2007. Relationship between testate amoeba (protist) communities and atmospheric heavy;metals accumulated in Barbula indica (Bryophyta) in Vietnam. Microbial Ecology 53: 53-65.
  • Nikolaev SI, Mitchell EAD, Petrov NB, Berney C, Fahrni J, Pawlowski J. 2005. The testate lobose amoebae (order Arcellinida Kent, 1880) finally find their home within amoebozoa. Protist 156: 191-202.
  • Nixon KC, Wheeler QD. 1990. An amplification of the phylogenetic species concept. Cladistics 6: 211-223.
  • Novenko EY, Tsyganov AN, Volkova EM, Kupriyanov DA, Mironenko I V., Babeshko K V., Utkina AS, Popov V, Mazei YA. 2016. Mid- and Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and fire history in the boreal forest of European Russia: a case study from Meshchera lowlands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 459: 570-584.
  • Ogden CG. 1979. Siliceous structures secreted by members of the subclass Lobosia (Rhizopodea: Protozoa). Bulletin of the British Museum [Natural History]. Zoology 36: 203-207.
  • Ogden CG. 1991. Gas vacuoles and flotation in the testate amoeba Arcella discoides. Journal of Protozoology 38: 269-270.
  • Ogden CG, Meisterfeld R. 1989. The taxonomy and systematics of some species of Cucurbitella, Difflugia and Netzelia (Protozoa: Rhizopoda); with an evaluation of diagnostic characters. European Journal of Protistology 25: 109-128.
  • Padial JM, Miralles A, De la Riva I, Vences M. 2010. The integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology 7:1-14.
  • Patterson RT , Lamoureux EDR , Neville LA , Macumber AL. 2013. Arcellacea (testate lobose amoebae) as pH indicators in a pyrite mine-acidified lake, northeastern Ontario, Canada. Microbial Ecology 65: 541-554.
  • Penard E. 1890. Etudes sur les Rhizopodes d'eau douce. Memoires dela Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve 31: 1-230.
  • Penard E. 1902. Faune rhizopodique du bassin du Leman. Geneve: Henry Kundig.
  • Perty M. 1852. Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Spezialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten. Bern: Jent und Reinert.
  • Playfair GI. 1918. Rhhizopods of Sydney and Lismore. Proceedings ofthe Linnean Society of New South Wales 42: 633-675.
  • Porfirio-Sousa AL, Ribeiro GM , Lahr DJG. 2017. Morphometric and genetic analysis of Arcella intermedia and Arcella intermedia laevis (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida) illuminate phenotypic plasticity in microbial eukaryotes. European Journal of Protistology 58: 187-194.
  • Qin Y, Mitchell EAD, Lamentowicz M, Payne RJ, Lara E, Gu Y, Huang X, Wang H. 2013. Ecology of testate amoebae in peatlands of central China and development of a transfer function for paleohydrological reconstruction. Journal of Paleolimnology 50: 319-330.
  • de Queiroz K, Donoghue MJ. 1988. Phylogenetic systematics and the species problem. Cladistics 4: 317-338.
  • R Core Team. 2013. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at: http://www.R-project.org/. Accessed May 2020.
  • Rambaut A. 2012. FigTree, molecular evolution, phylogenetics and epidemiology, v.1.4. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Institute of Evolutionary Biology. Available at: http://tree. bio.ed.ac.uk/software/Figtree. Accessed May 2020.
  • Rambaut A, Drummond AJ, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard MA. 2018. Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology 67: 901-904.
  • Reczuga MK , Swindles GT , Grewling L , Lamentowicz M. 2015 . Arcella peruviana sp. nov. (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida, Arcellidae), a new species from a tropical peatland in Amazonia. European Journal of Protistology 51: 437-449.
  • Roe HM, Patterson RT. 2014. Arcellacea (testate amoebae) as bio-indicators of road salt contamination in lakes. Microbial Ecology 68: 299-313.
  • Ronquist F, Teslenko M, Van Der Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Hohna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539-542.
  • Rstudio T. 2020. RStudio: integrated development for R. Boston: Rstudio Team, PBC. Available at: http://www.rstudio.com/. Accessed May 2020.
  • Schaudinn. 1898. Rhizopoda Ost-Afrikas. In: Reimer D, ed. Die Thierwelt Deutsch Ostafrikas und der Nachbargebiete. Wirbellose Thiere. Berlin: Reimer.
  • Schlegel M, Meisterfeld R. 2003. The species problem in protozoa revisited. European Journal of Protistology 39: 349-355.
  • Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9: 671-675.
  • Schonborn W. 1962. Neue Testaceen aus dem Grossen Stechlinsee und dessen Umgebung. Limnologica 1: 83-91.
  • Schwind LTF, Arrieira RL, Dias JD, Simoes NR, Bonecker CC, Lansac-Toha FA. 2016. The structure of planktonic communities of testate amoebae (Arcellinida and Uglyphida) in three environments of the Upper Parana River basin, Brazil. Journal of Limnology 75: 78-89.
  • Siemensma FJ. 2019. Microworld, world of amoeboid organisms. Available at: https://www.arcella.nl/ (accessed 10 November 2020).
  • Singer D, Kosakyan A, Pillonel A, Mitchell EAD, Lara E. 2015. Eight species in the Nebela collaris complex: Nebela gimlii (Arcellinida, Hyalospheniidae), a new species described from a Swiss raised bog. European Journal of Protistology 51: 79-85.
  • Singer D, Kosakyan A, Seppey CVW, Pillonel A, Fernandez LD, Fontaneto D, Mitchell EAD, Lara E. 2018. Environmental filtering and phylogenetic clustering correlate with the distribution patterns of cryptic protist species. Ecology 99: 904-914.
  • Singer D, Mitchell EAD, Payne RJ, Blandenier Q, Duckert C, Fernandez LD, Fournier B, Hernandez CE, Granath G, Rydin H, Bragazza L, Koronatova NG, Goia I , Harris LI , Kajukalo K , Kosakyan A , Lamentowicz M, Kosykh NP, Vellak K, Lara E. 2019. Dispersal limitations and historical factors determine the biogeography of specialized terrestrial protists. Molecular Ecology 28: 3089-3100.
  • Smith HG, Wilkinson DM. 2007. Not all free-living microorganisms have cosmopolitan distributions - The case of Nebela (Apodera) vas Certes (Protozoa: Amoebozoa: Arcellinida). Journal of Biogeography 34: 1822-1831.
  • SwoffordDL.2002.PAUP* phylogeneticanalysisusingparsimony* (and other methods), v.4.0. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
  • Todorov M, Bankov N. 2019. An atlas of Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria. Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers.
  • Tsyganov A, Mazei Y. 2006. Morphology and biometry of Arcella intermedia (Deflandre, 1928) comb. nov. from Russia and a review of hemispheric species of the genus Arcella (Testcealobosea, Arcellinida). Protistology 4: 361-369.
  • Tsyganov AN , Shatilovich A V. , Esaulov AS , Chernyshov VA, Mazei NG, Malysheva EA, Mazei YA. 2017. Morphology and phylogeny of the testate amoebae Euglypha bryophila Brown, 1911 and Euglypha cristata Leidy, 1874 (Rhizaria, Euglyphida). European Journal of Protistology 61: 76-84.
  • Van Oye P. 1926. Six rhizopodes nouveau du Congo belge. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 65: Notes et Rev. 64-74.
  • Van Oye P. 1941. Die Rhizopoden des Sphagnetums bei Krisuvik auf Island. Biologisch Jaarboek, Antwerpen 7: 284-305.
  • de Vargas C, Audic S, Henry N, Decelle J, Mahe F, Logares R, Lara E, Berney C, Le Bescot N, Probert I, Carmichael M, Poulain J, Romac S, Colin S, Aury JM, Bittner L, Chaffron S, Dunthorn M, Engelen S, Flegontova O, Guidi L, Horak A, Jaillon O, Lima- Mendez G, Lukes J, Malviya S, Morard R, Mulot M, Scalco E, Siano R, Vincent F, Zingone A, Dimier C, Picheral M, Searson S, Kandels-Lewis S, Acinas SG, Bork P, Bowler C, Gorsky G, Grimsley N, Hingamp P, Iudicone D, Not F, Ogata H, Pesant S, Raes J, Sieracki ME, Speich S, Stemmann L, Sunagawa S, Weissenbach J, Wincker P, Karsenti E, Boss E, Follows M, Karp-Boss L, Krzic U, Reynaud EG, Sardet C, Sullivan MB, Velayoudon D. 2015 . Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean. Science 348: 6237.
  • Velho LFM, Lansac-Toha FA, Bini LM. 2003. Influence of environmental heterogeneity on the structure of testate amoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) assemblages in the plankton of the Upper Parana River floodplain, Brazil. International Review of Hydrobiology 88: 154-166.
  • Venables WN, Ripley BD. 2002. Modern applied statistics with S (fourth). New York: Springer. Available at: http://www. stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS4. Accessed May 2020.
  • Wailes GH. 1913. Freshwater Rhizopoda from North and South America. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 32: 201-218.
  • Wheeler QD, Meier R. 2000. Species concepts and phylogenetic theory: a debate. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Wickham H. 2016. Ggplot2 elegant graphics for data analysis (Use R! series). New York: Springer.
  • Wiley EO. 1978. The evolutionary species concept reconsidered. Systematic Zoology 27: 17-26.
  • Wilson EO. 2017. Biodiversity research requires more boots on the ground: comment. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1: 1590-1591.
  • Wright K. 2017. Corrgram: plot a correlogram, v.1.12. Available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ corrgram/. Accessed May 2020.
  • Xia Y, Gu HF, Peng R, Chen Q, Zheng YC, Murphy RW, Zeng XM. 2012. COI is better than 16S rRNA for DNA barcoding Asiatic salamanders (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae). Molecular Ecology Resources 2: 48-56.
  • Zhao CF, Wei R, Zhang XC, Xiang QP. 2020. Backbone phylogeny of Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae) and a novel infrageneric classification based on the total evidence from plastid and morphological data. Cladistics 36: 235-258.
  • Zrzavy J, Mihulka S, Kepka P, Bezdek A, Tietz D. 1998. Phylogeny of the Metazoa based on morphological and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence. Cladistics 14: 249-285.