Published December 31, 2005
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Taxonomic treatment
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Formica Linnaeus
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Description
Genus Formica Linnaeus
In California the members of this genus are most prevalent in montane habitats, although a few species occur in drier, low elevation sites. Formica species are groundnesting ants with generalist foraging habits. Francoeur’s (1973) authoritative revision of the Formica fusca group allows the species in that group to be relatively easily identified. Taxonomic difficulties still plague the Formica rufa group, which contains most of the remaining species in California.
Species identification: keys in Francoeur (1973), Wheeler and Wheeler (1986g), Snelling and Buren (1985) and Mackay and Mackay (2002). Additional references: Agosti (1994b), Agosti and Bolton (1990b), Buren (1968a), Cole (1956d, 1956f, 1956g), Creighton (1940a, 1950a), Dlussky (1967), Francoeur and Snelling (1979), Gösswald (1989, 1990), Savolainen (1998), Smith (1979), Trager et al. (2005), Wilson and Brown (1955).
Notes
Published as part of Ward, P. S., 2005, A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 936 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171144
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Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.5281/zenodo.171144 (DOI)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/6213DF5CFFD6FFD5FFB7FFFAC458FFBD (URL)
- Is source of
- https://biodiversitypmc.sibils.org/collections/plazi/9E2AA724FFCAFFC9FEBFFDC9C140FB94 (URL)
- https://www.gbif.org/species/120674467 (URL)
- https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/39107/taxon/9E2AA724FFCAFFC9FEBFFDC9C140FB94.taxon (URL)
Biodiversity
- Family
- Formicidae
- Genus
- Formica
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Hymenoptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Linnaeus
- Taxon rank
- genus
References
- Francoeur, A. (1973) Revision taxonomique des especes nearctiques du groupe fusca, genre Formica (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Memoires de la Societe Entomologique du Quebec, 3, 1 - 316.
- Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1986 g) The ants of Nevada. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, vii + 138 pp.
- Snelling, R. R. & Buren, W. F. (1985) Description of a new species of slave-making ant in the Formica sanguinea group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Great Lakes Entomologist, 18, 69 - 78.
- Mackay, W. & Mackay, E. (2002) The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, New York, 400 pp.
- Agosti, D. (1994 b) The phylogeny of the ant tribe Formicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with the description of a new genus. Systematic Entomology, 19, 93 - 117.
- Agosti, D. & Bolton, B. (1990 b) New characters to differentiate the ant genera Lasius F. and Formica L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 41, 149 - 156.
- Buren, W. F. (1968 a) Some fundamental taxonomic problems in Formica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 3, 25 - 40.
- Cole, A. C., Jr. (1956 d) In defense of the integrity of an ant. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 31, 212 - 214.
- Cole, A. C., Jr. (1956 f) Studies of Nevada ants. III. The status of Formica nevadensis Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 31, 256 - 257.
- Cole, A. C., Jr. (1956 g) Studies of Nevada ants. IV. Descriptions of sexual castes of three members of the rufa group of the genus Formica L. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 31, 257 - 260.
- Creighton, W. S. (1940 a) A revision of the North American variants of the ant Formica rufa. American Museum Novitates, 1055, 1 - 10.
- Creighton, W. S. (1950 a) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585.
- Dlussky, G. M. (1967 a) Ants of the genus Formica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, g. Formica). [In Russian.] Nauka Publishing House, Moskva, 236 pp.
- Francoeur, A. & Snelling, R. R. (1979) Notes for a revision of the ant genus Formica. 2. Reidentifications for some specimens from the T. W. Cook collection and new distribution data (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Contributions in Science (Los Angeles), 309, 1 - 7.
- Gosswald, K. (1989) Die Waldameise. Band 1. Biologische Grundlagen, Okologie und Verhalten. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, xi + 660 pp.
- Gosswald, K. (1990) Die Waldameise. Band 2. Die Waldameise im Okosystem Wald, ihr Nutzen und ihre Hege. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, x + 510 pp.
- Savolainen, R. (1998) Evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants. [Abstract.] In: Schwarz, M. P. & Hogendoorn, K. (Eds), Social insects at the turn of the millenium. Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of IUSSI. Adelaide, Australia. 29 December 1998 - 3 January 1999. XIII Congress of IUSSI, Adelaide, p. 417.
- Smith, D. R. (1979) Superfamily Formicoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1323 - 1467.
- Trager, J. C., MacGown, J. A. & Trager, M. D. (2005) A revision of the Nearctic endemic Formica pallidefulva group. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, in press.
- Wilson, E. O. & Brown, W. L., Jr. (1955) Revisionary notes on the sanguinea and neogagates groups of the ant genus Formica. Psyche (Cambridge), 62, 108 - 129.