Protankyra brychia Verrill 1885
Authors/Creators
Description
Protankyra brychia (Verrill, 1885)
(Fig. 12)
Synapta brychia Verrill, 1885: 539
Synapta abyssicola Théel, 1886a: 14 –15, pl. 1 (fig. 11)
Synapta abyssicola var. pacifica Ludwig, 1894: 174 –178, pl. 18 (figs 13–19) Protankyra brychia. Pawson et al., 2003: 160 –171, figs 1–3, 8–11 [synonymy]
Material. M 48/1334: 1 specimen, 2 anterior fragments, 2 posterior fragments (ZSM 20043077). M 48/1337: 1 posterior fragment (ZSM 20043079). M 48/1343: 1 specimen, 2 posterior fragments (ZSM 20043070). M 48/1347: 2 specimens, 1 anterior fragment, 3 posterior fragments (ZSM 20020023), 2 anterior fragments, 1 posterior fragment (ZSM 20043078). M 48/1349: 4 specimens, 2 median fragments, 7 posterior fragments (ZSM 20020021). M 48/1351: 4 specimens, 8 posterior fragments (ZSM 20020027), 3 anterior fragments, 1 median fragment (ZSM 20043080).
Additional Material. 1 specimen (ZSM 20043139), FS "Polarstern", ANDEEP III, station PS 67/0165, 41°07.5' S, 9°56.3' E, 4723 m, giant box corer, 25 Jan, 2005. 6 specimens, 2 anterior fragments, 1 posterior fragment (ZSM 20043138), FS "Polarstern", ANDEEP III, station PS 67/01611, 41°07.7' S, 9°56.3' E, 4727 m to 41°07.4' S, 9°54.8' E, 4694 m, Agassiz trawl, 26 Jan, 2005.
Remarks. This species has been excellently reviewed by Pawson et al. (2003) including its synonymy, morphology and distribution. A quite characteristic feature of this species are the large calcareous deposits (after Pawson et al. 2003): anchors usually less than 700 long, but sometimes up to 1000, with branched stock and flukes with about six teeth; anchor plates up to 700 long, with 50–70 dentate holes. Pawson and his coauthors are convinced, that the giant pelagic larva, the so called Auricularia nudibranchiata Chun, 1896 is the larva of P. brychia. The specimens reported herein considerably enlarge the known distributional area of the species in the Atlantic Ocean (from about 16°S to 41°S), as well as the depthrange (from about 5000 m to more than 5400 m).
Distribution. (Fig. 12) This species probably has a cosmopolitan distribution, Atlantic Ocean, eastern and western Pacific Ocean, 869–5426 m (H.L. Clark 1908, 1920, 1924; Deichmann 1940; Gage et al. 1985; Harvey et al. 1988; Hérouard 1923; IFREMER BIOCEAN; Ludwig & Heding 1935; Madsen 1953; Pawson et al. 2003; Perrier 1902; Sibuet 1977; Théel 1886a; herein).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Verrill
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Echinodermata
- Order
- Apodida
- Family
- Synaptidae
- Genus
- Protankyra
- Species
- brychia
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Protankyra brychia Verrill, 1885 sec. Bohn, 2006
References
- Verrill, A. E. (1885). Results of the explorations made by the steamer ' Albatross' off the northern coast of the United States in 1883. Part XI. Washington: United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commission for 1883, 503 - 699.
- Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 14, 290 pp.
- Ludwig, H. (1894) The Holothuroidea. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross ", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 17, 183 pp.
- Pawson, D. L., Gage, J. D., Belyaev, G. M., Mironov, A. N. & Smirnov, A. V. (2003) The deep sea synaptid Protankyra brychia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and its near-surface dwelling planktotrophic larva, Auricularia nudibranchiata. Sarsia, 88, 159 - 174.
- Clark, H. L. (1908) The Apodous Holothurians. A monograph of the Synaptidae and Molpadiidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 35, 231 pp.
- Clark, H. L. (1920). Tropical Pacific Holothurioidea. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission streamer " Albatross ", from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding. XXII. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission streamer " Albatross ", from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding. XXXIII. Holothurioidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 39, 115 - 154.
- Clark, H. L. (1924) The Holothurians of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The Synaptinae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 65, 459 - 501.
- Deichmann, E. (1940) Report on the Holothurians, collected by the Harvard-Havana Expeditions 1938 and 1939, with a revision of the Molpadonia of the Atlantic Ocean. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural ' Felipe Poey', 14, 183 - 240.
- Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothuroidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48, 173 - 213.
- Harvey, R., Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Clark, A. M. & Paterson, G. L. J. (1988) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 3. Additional records. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 54, 153 - 198.
- Herouard, E. (1923) Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts PRINCESSE-ALICE et HIRONDELLE II (1898 - 1915). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yatch par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco, 66, 161 pp.
- Ludwig, H. & Heding, S. G. (1935) Die Holothurien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. I. Fußlose und dendrochirote Formen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 24, 123 - 214.
- Madsen, F. J. (1953) Holothurioidea. Reports of the Swedish deep-sea expedition 1947 - 1948, 2, 151 - 173.
- Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 7, 273 - 554.
- Sibuet, M. (1977) Distribution and diversity of echinoderms (Holothuroidea, Asteroidea) in the abyssal zone in the Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Research, 24, 549 - 564.