1. Pegomya maculata Stein, 1906

Figs. 1–7, 24.

Pegomyia maculata Stein 1906: 53, 88 (in part); Stein 1916: 125 (in part), 131; Engel 1916: 76, fig. 10, unidentified larvae and reared adults from Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray teste Hennig 1952: 397.

Pegomya maculata Stein; Hennig 1973b: 489, 500, 502, 596, text-figs. 513–515, plate-figs. 773, 887 and 926; Suwa 1977: 12, figs. 22–26; Chandler 1998: 168 (in part); Michelsen & Báez 2002: 201; Michelsen 2004 (in part). ‘ Pegomya atricauda Ringdahl’; Hackman 1976: 130 –132; Hackman 1979: 62; Hackman & Meinander 1979: 59, 60, 64, 65, 74. Misidentifications.

Description. Size. Comparatively large, wing length 5.7–6.6mm.

Male. Fore femur fuscous yellow to yellow on basal two-thirds, fuscous brown on distal third, sometimes more extensively darkened along postero-dorsal surface; mid and hind femora extensively yellow except fuscous brown on apical fifth. Tibiae fuscous yellow to yellow. Short genal setae often in two irregular rows. Hind femur with complete row of av-setae decreasing in length towards base; comb of short, erect pv-setae confined to middle third. Sternite V (Figs. 1, 2) and hypopygium (Figs. 3, 4) not obviously different from all other species of the P. maculata species group. Postgonite (Fig. 5) moderately angled backwards on distal half. Phallus (Figs. 6, 7): Posterior hump of basiphallus variable, but well separated from epiphallus; distiphallus straight at hind surface.

Female. Fore femur yellow, dorsally or widely fuscous black on distal quarter. Frontal vitta bare. Palpus extended, fully as long as prementum and distinctly dilated apically. Vein C dorsally bare, at most with a few scattered setulae. Oviscapt (Fig. 24): Hind marginal setae on segments VI–VIII stiff but slender. Sternite VIII with hind marginal sensilla but usually without distinct setulae.

Notes on type material. Stein (1906) described Pegomyia maculata from four male syntypes: two from Hungary, one from Austria and one from England; see Pont & Ackland (2009: 25) for details. The syntype from Austria (see ‘Material examined’) in ZMHU, Berlin was seen by Hennig (1973b: 598) and by VM during the present study. Incidentally, Hennig stated that there were two male syntypes from Austria, but this is a mistake. The only Austrian syntype, dissected by VM during the present study, fits Hennig’s description of P. maculata perfectly. It has been labelled and is herewith designated as lectotype of Pegomyia maculata Stein. The paralectotype in NMS, Edinburgh from England (see ‘Material examined’ under Pegomya atricauda for details) was examined and dissected by DMA during the present study. It is incorrectly associated with the lectotype and belongs to Pegomya atricauda. We have not been able to examine the paralectotypes from Hungary, probably originating from J. Thalhammer and present in Coll. G. Strobl of the Admont Stiftung, Austria (M. Chvála, pers. comm. to VM).

Material examined. AUSTRIA: Carinthia, Dobracz (J.A. Palmén), male lectotype of Pegomyia maculata Stein [ZMHU]. FINLAND: Regio aboensis (Ab): Kuusisto /Kustö [as Kuustö], 1 male [ZMHU]; Turku, Satava, 1 male 22.vii.2007 (K. Winqvist) [ZMUC]; Nylandia (N): Esbo, reared from Tricholoma album: 14 males iii–v.1976 –1978, 8 females iii–vii.1975, 1976 (W. Hackman) [FMNH, ZMUC]; Esbo, reared from Tricholoma saponaceum: 2 males iv.1976, 2 females iv, vii.1976 (W. Hackman) [FMNH]; Esbo, reared from Cortinarius caperatus: 1 female iv.1977 (W. Hackman) [FMNH]; Esbo, reared from Megacollybia platyphylla: 1 male iv.1976, 1 female iii.1976 (W. Hackman) [FMNH]; Kyrkslätt, reared from Tricholoma saponaceum: 1 male iv.1976 (W. Hackman) [FMNH]; Tvärminne, reared from Tricholoma album: 1 male iv.1975, 4 females ii–iv.1975 (C. Oker-Blom) [FMNH]; Snappertuna, reared from Cortinarius triumphans: 1 female vii.1976 (A. Forsblom) [FMNH]; Tavastia australis (Ta): Lammi, reared from Melanoleuca cognata: 1 female iii.1976 (G.-B. Lindholm) [FMNH]; reared from Cortinarius triumphans: 1 female iii.1976 (G.-B. Lindholm) [FMNH]. GREAT BRITAIN: SCOTLAND: Inverness, Kinrara, 1 male 9.vii.1938 (C.J. Wainwright) [BMNH]; Aberdeenshire, Glen Gairn, 1 male 17.vii.1991 (P.J. Chandler) [Coll. Chandler]. ITALY: South Tyrol: Trafoi, 1 male 15.viii.1909 (M.P. Riedel) [ZMHU]. SPAIN: Gerona: Queralps, c. 1200m, 1 male 13–17.vi.1982 (Andersen, Lyneborg & Michelsen) [ZMUC]; Lerida: Sorpe, c. 1300m, 1 male 19–22.vi.1982 (Andersen, Lyneborg & Michelsen) [ZMUC].

Tentatively identified females: ANDORRA: 2 females x.1992 [ZMUC]. SWEDEN: Skåne (SK): Lillöviken, 1 female viii [no year] (R. Dahl) [MZLU]; Kullaberg, broadleaf forest, 1 female 20–25.vi.1957 (H. Andersson) [MZLU]; Blekinge (BL): Listerby, Gö, 1 female 22.ix.1971 (A. Sundholm) [MZLU]; Dalarna (DR): Leksand, Tällberg, 1 female 10.vii.1949 (T. Tjeder) [MZLU].

Biology. Larval development is known to take place in fruit bodies of various gilled fungi (‘agarics’). The following is a list of known host taxa:

AGARICALES (Hackman 1976; Hackman & Meinander 1979)

Cortinarius [as Rozites] caperatus (Pers.) Fr. (Gypsy Mushroom) [Cortinariaceae] Cortinarius triumphans Fr. (Yellow-girdled Web-cap) [Cortinariaceae]

Megacollybia [as Oudemansiella] platyphylla (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouzar (Widelaced Shank) [Marasmiaceae] Tricholoma album (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. (White Knight) [Tricholomataceae]

Tricholoma imbricatum (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Matt Knight) [Tricholomataceae]

Tricholoma saponaceum (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Soapy Knight) [Tricholomataceae]

Melanoleuca cognata (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl. (Spring Cavalier) [Tricholomataceae]

RUSSULALES (Engel 1916; Hennig 1952, 1973b)

Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray (Saffron Milkcap) [Russulaceae]

Distribution. Three species belonging to the same species group have up to the present been confused with Pegomya maculata Stein, but we can confirm the following country records based on male specimens with dissected terminalia: Austria (Stein 1916; Hennig 1973b), Finland (Hennig 1973b), Germany (Hennig 1973b), Great Britain (Scotland), Italy (Stein 1916) and Spain (Michelsen & Báez 2002). Outside Europe known from Japan (Suwa 1998). Females presently considered identical with P. maculata are known from Andorra (Michelsen & Báez 2002) and Sweden.

Further European records of P. maculata from the Czech Republic (Rozkošný 1978), Hungary (Stein 1906), Poland (Karl 1928, 1937) and Slovakia (Č epelák 1989) need verification.