Laphria

Key to known pupal cases of Nearctic Laphria species

1 Head with 3–5 posterior antennal processes; abdominal segment 1 usually with no dorsolateral bristlelike spines, but L. ferox and L. macquarti with 1–3 on each side; abdominal segment 2 usually with 2–5 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of, and extending under, hind leg sheath, but L. macquarti with 13–14.................................................. 2

- Head with 4 posterior antennal processes; abdominal segment 1 usually with 2–8 dorsolateral bristlelike spines on each side, but L. canis with none or only 1; abdominal segment 2 with 1–14 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of, and possibly extending under, hind leg sheath, but L. canis with only 1–3................................................... 6

2 Abdominal segment 1 with 2 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 2 with 0–1 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath; abdominal segment 8 with single dorsal spine and small reddish brown spiracle on each side of midline and with 2 short dorsolateral bristlelike spines; head with 4 posterior antennal processes.... .. Laphria aimatis McAtee, 1919

- Abdominal segment with 3–9 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 2 usually with 2–5 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath, but with 13–14 in L. macquarti; abdominal segment 8 with 1–2 dorsal spines on each side of midline and small yellowish to reddish brown spiracle or in darkened area of cuticle in L. macquarti, lacking dorsolateral spines, or sometimes with 1–2 dorsolateral spines; head with 3–5 posterior antennal processes......................... 3

3 Head with 3 posterior antennal processes; abdominal segments 2–5 with 21–29 dorsal spines; abdominal segments 3–7 with 9– 11 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of median space.............................. Laphria index McAtee, 1919

- Head with 4–5 posterior antennal processes; abdominal segments 2–4 and 5–6 with 24–37 and 15–33 dorsal spines, respectively; segments 3–7 usually with 11–18 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of median space or median short spine(s)... 4

4 Median facial spines without posterior or 1–2 lateral bristles; abdominal segment 1 without dorsolateral bristlelike spines on each side and with 3–5 postspiracular bristlelike spines................................ Laphria sackeni (Banks, 1917)

- Median facial spines with posterior or 1–2 lateral bristles; abdominal segment 1 with 1–3 dorsolateral bristlelike spines on each side (some maybe very small to vestigial) and with 6–9 postspiracular bristlelike spines.......................... 5

5 Abdominal segments 1–5 usually with 33–40 dorsal spines; pupal case large, greatest length 25.5 mm, greatest width 6.0 mm; facial area with 3 small, basally fused median spines on each side; abdominal segments 3–5 with median space dividing ventral transverse row of spines, and lacking short median bristlelike spines................... Laphria macquarti (Banks, 1917)

- Abdominal segments 1–5 usually with 28–30 dorsal spines; pupal case smaller, greatest length 14.0–18.0 mm, greatest width 3.0–3.5; facial area with 1–2 medium size, basally fused median spines on each side; abdominal segments 3–5 with or without ventral median space and with1–12 short median bristlelike spines....................... Laphria ferox Williston, 1883

6 Some or all of abdominal segments 2–5 with dorsal spines forming a slight or obvious peak on either side of midline...... 7

- Abdominal segments 2–5 without dorsal spines forming peak on either side of midline............................. 10

7 Abdominal segment 1 with 34–52 stout dorsal spines, usually 6–8 dorsolateral bristlelike spines (sometimes none) and 6–10 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segments 2–5 with 5–15 dorsolateral bristlelike spines on each side..................................................................................... Laphria thoracica Fabricius, 1805

- Abdominal segment 1 with 26–30 stout dorsal spines, 2–4 dorsolateral bristlelike spines, and 3–7 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segments 2–5 with 1–6 dorsolateral bristlelike spines on each side............................... 8

8 Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of subequal, short, stout spines and 5 alternately long and short postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 2 with 8 ventral spines on each side of hind leg sheath; abdominal segments 6–7 with 10–12 stout dorsal spines and 6–8 dorsolateral bristlelike spines....................... Laphria virginica (Banks, 1917)

- Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of unequal length stout spines and 3–7 equally long postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 2 with 5–8 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath; abdominal segments 6–7 with 6–13 stout dorsal spines and 2–6 dorsolateral bristlelike spines.................................................. 9

9 Abdominal segment 1 with a dorsomedially pair of short bifurcate spines and 3 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 2 with 7–8 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheaths; abdominal segment 3 with 10–13 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of midline; abdominal segments 4–7 with 19–26 ventral bristlelike spines; abdominal segments 6–7 with 13 stout dorsal spines; abdominal segment 8 with 1 large dorsal spine and 1 small yellowish spiracle on each side of midline............................................................................. Laphria sericea Say, 1823

- Abdominal segment 1 with dorsomedian pair of long spines and 6–7 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 2 with 5–6 ventral bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath; abdominal segments 3–7 with 18–22 ventral bristlelike spines; abdominal segments 6–7 with 6–8 stout dorsal spines; abdominal segment 8 with 1 large dorsal spine, 1 small, light yellowish to reddish brown spiracle, and 1–2 short dorsolateral spines on each side of midline.............. Laphria flavicollis Say, 1824

10 Proboscidal sheath of equal width for entire length; abdominal segment 1 with 23–26 dorsal spines, 0–1 dorsolateral bristlelike spines, and 3 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segments 2–5 with 19–26 dorsal spines; abdominal segments 2–6 usually with 3–4 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 7 with 6–10 dorsal spines, 3–5 dorsolateral bristlelike spines, and 3–4 postspiracular bristlelike spines....................................... Laphria canis Williston, 1883

- Proboscidal sheath broadened at the apex; abdominal segment 1 with 40 dorsal spines, 3–5 dorsolateral bristlelike spines, and 5 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segments 2–5 with 27–35 dorsal spines; abdominal segments 2–6 usually with 5–6 postspiracular bristlelike spines; abdominal segment 7 with 13 dorsal spines, 6–8 dorsolateral bristlelike spines, and 8 postspiracular bristlelike spines.................................................... Laphria posticata Say, 1824