Aulacophora tibialis Chapuis 1876

Aulacophora tibialis Chapuis, 1876

(Figs 121–126, 129–136)

Galleruca bicolor Weber, 1801: 56 (part).

Aulacophora tibialis Chapuis, 1876: 99 (Philippines: Mindoro, Luzon); Barroga and Mohamedsaid, 2002: 147 (as synonym of ritsemae); Barroga, 2002b: 185 (corrected as valid name).

Aulacophora ritsemae Duvivier, 1884: 121 (Borneo; Indonesia: Java, Sumatra); Barroga & Mohamedsaid, 2002: 147 (Malaysia).

Aulacophora semifusca Jacoby, 1892: 942 (Burma); Maulik, 1936: 192 (redescription); Kimoto, 1989: 62 (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam); Mohamedsaid, 1994: 385 (Malaysia); Mohamedsaid, 2000: 349 (Malaysia); Barroga & Mohamedsaid, 2002: 147 (as synonym of ritsemae); Mohamedsaid & Constan 2007: 166 (Thailand); Barroga & Mohamedsaid, 2002: 147 (as synonym of ritsemae).

Aulacophora terminata Jacoby, 1899: 284 (Indonesia: Sumatra); Barroga & Mohamedsaid, 2002: 147 (as synonym of ritsemae).

Aulacophora dohrni Jacoby, 1899: 285 (Indonesia: Sumatra); Barroga & Mohamedsaid, 2002: 147 (as synonym of ritsemae).

Aulacophora almora Maulik, 1936: 170 (India); Kimoto, 1989: 62 (as synonym of semifusca).

Aulacophora similis: Chen & Kung, 1959: 376 (misidentification; China: Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan); Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 484 (as synonym of almora; China: Guandong, Hainan).

Aulacophora simplex Chûjô, 1962: 78 (Taiwan); Kimoto, 1966: 28 (as synonym of almora).

Type material. Galleruca bicolor: one paralectotype ♂ (KIEL), here designated, labeled: “Weber / bicolor. / 1723 [w, h] // bico / lor [w, h] // Aulacophora ritsemae Duviv. / det. by G.F. Barroga, 1999. [w, p]”. This specimen is similar to the lectotype of A. bicolor in dorsal view with yellow apex on the black elytron. However, its yellow meso- and metathoracic and abdominal ventrites differs from A. bicolor with black meso- and metathoracic and abdominal ventrites. It is no doubt attributed to specimens of A. ritsemae collected from Java.

Aulacophora ritsemae: holotype ♀ (RMNH), labeled: “Dr. B. Hagen. / Tandjong Morawa. / Serdang / (N. O. Sumatra). [w, p] // Aulacophora / ritsemae, Duv. / type [w, h] // ♀ [w, p] // Type [r, p]”.

Aulacophora semifusca: lectotype ♀ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: “ Type / H. T. [w, p, round label with red border] // Carin Chebà / 900–1100 m / L. Fea V VII-88 [w, p] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a [w, p] // Aulacoph. / semifusca / Jac. [b, h] // SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”. Paralectotypes: 1♂ (MCSN), labeled: “Carin Chebà / 900–1100 m / L. Fea V VII-88 [w, p] // semifusca / Jac. [w, h] // Aulacophora / semifusca / Jac. [b, h] // SYNTYPUS [p] / Aulacophora / semifusca / Jacoby, 1892 [r, h] // Museo Civico / di Genova [w, p]”; 1♀ (MCSN): “Carin Chebà / 900–1100 m / L. Fea V VII-88 [w, p] // SYNTYPUS [p] / Aulacophora / semifusca / Jacoby, 1892 [r, h] // Museo Civico / di Genova [w, p]”.

Aulacophora terminata: lectotype ♂ (BMNH), designated by Barroga and Mohamedsaid (2002), labeled: “Dohrn / Sumatra / Soekaranda [w, p] // H. T. [w, p, round label with red border] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a [w, p] / / Aulacophora / terminata / Jac. [b, h] // Syntype. / A. terminata / Jac [w, h] // LECTOTYPE [p] / Aulacophora / terminata Jacoby [h] / des. G. Barroga, 2000 [w, p]”. Paralectotype: 1♀ (BMNH), labeled: “Dohrn / Sumatra/ Soekaranda [w, p] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a [w, p] // Syntype. / A. terminata / Jac [w, h] // PARALECTOTYPE / Aulacophora / terminata Jacoby [h] / des. G. Barroga, 2000 [w, p]”.

Aulacophora dohrni: lectotype ♂ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: “Dohrn / Sumatra/ Soekaranda [w, p] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a [w, p] // Aulacophora [p] / dohrni Jac. [h] / det. G. Barroga, 2001 [w, p] // SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”. Paralectotypes: 1 (BMNH, abdomen lost, sex undetermined), labeled: “Dohrn / Sumatra/ Soekaranda [w, p] // Type / H. T. [w, p, round label with red border] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28 a [w, p] // Aulacophora. / Dohrni Jac. [b, h] // Syntype / A. dohrni / Jacoby [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”.

Aulacophora tibialis: Chapuis’s types were originally deposited at the IRSB. They were studied and borrowed by Barroga and Mohamdsaid (2002), and lost during return of the specimens (Limbourg personal communication).

Aulacophora almora: lectotype ♀ (BMNH), here designated, labeled: “W. Almora / Kumaon / India. H.G.C. [w, h] // Type [w, p, round label with red border] // Aulacophora / almora Maulik [h] / des. S. Maulik 1933. [w, p] / / Brit. Mus. / 1939-[p] 149 [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”. Paralectotypes: 1♀ (BMNH), labeled: “Ranikhet, / Kumaon, / India. H.G.C. [w, p] // Aulacophora / almora Mlk [h] / S. Maulik det. [p] / paratype 1936. [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”; 1♂ (BMNH), labeled: “Haldwani Dist. / Kumaon, / India. H.G.C. [w, p] // Aulacophora / almora Mlk [h] / S. Maulik det. [p] / paratype 1936. [w, h] / / SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”; 1♂ (BMNH), labeled: “Sarju Valley, / Kumaon, 4000ft. / India. H.G.C. / Aulacophora / almora Mlk [h] / S. Maulik det. [p] / paratype 1936. [w, h] // SYN- / TYPE [w, p, round label with blue border]”.

Aulacophora simplex: holotype ♂ (TARI), labeled: “URAI [h] [= Wulai, in Taipei] / FORMOSA [p] / 20.IV.1930 [h] / COL. M. CHUJO [w, p] // Ho / Type [w, p, round label, red letters and border, but faded out] // Aulacophora / simplex / CHÛJÔ [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [w, p] // 2371 [w, p]”. Paratypes: 1♀ (TARI), labeled: “URAI [h] [= Wulai, in Taipei] / FORMOSA [p] / 18.IX.1932 [h] / COL. M. CHUJO [w, p] // ALLo / Type [w, p, round label, gray letters and border] // Aulacophora / simplex / CHÛJÔ [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [w, p] // 2370 [w, p]”; 1♀ (TARI), labeled: “ Formosa / Miwa [w, p] // Fushan [written in Japan] / 22.7.1929 [w, h] [on the back] // Para / Type [w, p, round label, green letters and border] // Aulacophora / simplex / CHÛJÔ [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [w, p] // 1428 [w, p]”; 1♀ (TARI), labeled: “ Formosa / Karenko [= Hualien], - 19. / VII 20 –VIII 4. / T. Okuni, [w, p] // Para / Type [w, p, round label, green letters and border] // Aulacophora / simplex / CHÛJÔ [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [w, p] // 1427 [w, p]”.

Other specimens examined. CHINA. Fujian: 1♀, Chishui, 20.VI.2014, leg. Y.-T. Chung (TARI); 3♀, Houchai, 25–27.VI.2014, Y.-T. Chung (TARI); 1♀, Shangzhai, 1.VII.2014, leg. Y.-T. Chung (TARI); 1♀, Shaowu, Tachulan, 10.VI.1942, leg. T. Maa (BPBM); 1♂, same locality, 18.VI.1942, leg. T. Maa (BPBM); 1♂, same locality, 9.XI.1942, leg. T. Maa (BPBM); INDIA. Meghalaya: 4♂, 2♀, 3 km E of Tura, 15–22.IV.1999, leg. J. Rolčik (JBCB); INDONESIA. Sumatra: 2♂, 3♀, Lampung prov., Bukit Barisan Selatan N. P., 5 km SW of Liwa, 7–17.II.2000, leg. J. Bezdĕ, (JBCB); 11♂, 1♀, Noesa Kembangan, leg. Drescher (MNHUB); Java: 2♂, 1♀, 1909- 28 a, leg. Jacoby (BMNH); 1♂, 2♀, leg. Haus. (MNHUB); 1♀, leg. Horsfield (BMNH); 1♂, Malang (MNHUB); LAOS. 1♂, Ban Van Eue, SE of Phou Kow Kuei, 13.IV.1965, leg. J. L. Gressitt (BPBM); 2♀, same locality, 1– 15.V.1965, leg. J. A. Rondon (BPBM), 1♀, same locality, 15–31.V.1965, leg. native collector (BPBM); 1♂, Phongsaly prov., 10 km SE of Boun Tai, 16–25.V.2004, leg. native collector (JBCB); 1♂, Sayaboury, 15.IV.1965, leg. J. L. Gressitt (BPBM); 1♂, Uekinak, nr. PakKading, 22.IV.1965, leg. J. L. Gressitt (BPBM); MALAYSIA. Pahang: 1♂, 1902-220, (Craddock), leg. Bingham (BMNH); TAIWAN. Taipei: 3♂, 2♀, Wulai, 7.VIII.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou (RBCN, TARI); 1♂, same locality, 6.IX.2014, leg. M.-H. Tsou (TARI); Taoyuan: 1♂, Fuhsing, 15.VII.2009, leg. H.-J. Chen (TARI); THAILAND. Chiangmai: 1♂, Doi Suthep, 28–31.III.1958, leg. T. C. Maa (BPBM); Mae Hong Son: 1♂, San Huai Po, 9–16.V.1991, leg. L. Dembický (JBCB); VIETNAM. 1♀, BanMeThaot, 16–18.V.1960, L. W. Quate (BPBM); 1♀, Blao (Balao), 14–21.X.1960, leg. C. M. Yoshimoto (BPBM).

Diagnosis. Specimens of Aulacophora tibialis with the yellow elytra are similar to A. abdominalis and A. indica but without sexually secondary characters and scutellum blackish brown. Those with the black base of the elytron are similar to A. bicolor but lack the pair of small yellow spots at base.

Males. Length 6.3–7.0 mm, width 3.3–3.6 mm. General color (Figs 121–122) yellowish brown but meso- and metathoracic and abdominal ventrites black or blackish brown, middle and hind legs blackish brown but base of tibia yellowish brown; outer margins of tibia, and tarsi of front legs dark brown; scutellum and labrum black; antenna dark brown except two basal antennomeres yellowish brown. Antenna (Fig. 129) filiform and slender, antennomere I not enlarged; ratio of length of antennomeres III to XI about 1.0: 1.0: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0: 1.3; ratio of length to width from antennomere III to XI about 2.8: 2.9: 3.1: 3.2: 3.3: 3.4: 3.7: 3.9: 5.5. Apex of abdominal tergite VIII truncate (Fig. 135), with several short setae along apical margin; base weakly sclerotized. Median lobe of fifth abdominal ventrite small and rectangular, disc flat. Penis (Figs 131–132) slender, parallelsided, abruptly narrowed at apical 1/7 and apically tapering, apex pointed; moderately curved from middle to apex in lateral view; tectum well sclerotized, apex weakly emarginate, sides parallel from apex to apical 1/4, with angular process at apical 1/4; endophallus with dense setae on endophallic sac, and with one longitudinal sclerite, apically tapering, curved at apical 1/ 3 in lateral view, basally widened.

Females. Length 6.5–6.8 mm, width 3.5–3.7 mm. Similar to male, but antennomeres III-V more slender (Fig. 130); ratio of length of antennomeres III to XI about 1.0: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 0.9: 1.3; ratio of length to width from antennomere III to XI about 3.2: 3.6: 3.8: 3.4: 3.4: 3.7: 3.5: 3.6: 5.5. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 133) slender, apex of each gonocoxa with eight setae from apical 1/6 to apex; gonocoxae connected at middle, base slender. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 134) weakly sclerotized; apex narrow, apical margin widely rounded, with dense short setae along apical margin; spiculum short. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 136) a little swollen; pump strongly curved; spermathecal duct short, stout, shallowly projecting into receptaculum.

Variation. Specimens with yellow elytra occur in Taiwan, China, and Indochina, of which all but Fujian (China) and Taiwan have yellow legs. Few specimens of Indochina have blackish brown elytra with narrow yellow apical margin (Fig. 123). Most of specimens collected from Indonesia have black elytra with yellow apical margin and extending into middle or basal 1/3 (Fig. 124), and thoracic and abdominal ventrite yellowish brown. Few specimens have yellow elytra with basal 1/3 (Fig. 125) or half black (Fig. 126), thoracic and abdominal ventrites blackish bown.

Host plants. Flowers of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (Fabaceae) and Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poir. (Cucurbitaceae) (present study).

Distribution. Myanmar, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.