Proposal for a clinical and an echocardiographic score for prediction of left atrial thrombosis in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing early electrical cardioversion
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- 2. Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- 3. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Description
Aims: Left atrial thrombosis (LAT) is usually detected by transesophageal echocardi-
ography (TEE). The aim of the present study was to identify clinical and echocardio-
graphic factors associated with left atrial thrombosis in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients
undergoing early electrical cardioversion (ECV) in order to create scores that can
predict LAT, in a non-invasive way.
Methods: A consecutive cohort of patients with persistent AF scheduled for ECV
was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography and TEE. By a logistic regression
model, variables significantly associated with LAT were assessed and introduced in
predictive models to develop both a clinical and an echocardiographic prediction
score for the presence of LAT.
Results: In total, 125 patients [median 71 (range 49-88) years, 60.0% males] were
enrolled. Transesophageal echocardiography showed LAT in 35 patients (28%). The
clinical variables significantly associated with LAT were previous stroke (OR = 4.17),
higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR = 1.93), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate
(OR = 0.80), and higher brain natriuretic peptide levels (OR = 1.44). Among echocar-
diographic parameters, E/e′ ratio was directly associated with LAT (OR = 2.25), while
an inverse correlation was detected with left ventricular ejection fraction (OR = 0.43)
and total global left atrial strain (OR = 0.59). Two prediction scores (clinical and echo-
cardiographic) were developed. The positive predictive values of the clinical and the
echocardiographic score were 80% and 100%, respectively, while the negative pre-
dictive values were 98% and 94%, respectively. Combined use of the scores reached
a positive and negative predictive value of 100%.
Conclusions: When providing concordant information the two scores are able to cor-
rectly identify patients with or without LAT. An external validation is necessary to
demonstrate their usefulness in the clinical practice.