Hippopsis raberi Galileo, Santos-Silva & Heffern, 2017, sp. nov.

Hippopsis raberi sp. nov.

(Figs 1–6)

Description. Holotype male. Integument mostly black; mouthparts reddish-brown; gula and antennomeres brown. Pubescence yellow.

Head. Frons finely, sparsely punctate (punctures sparser, finer toward antennal tubercles); pubescence nearly obscuring integument, except glabrous longitudinal central area, distinctly widened between superior area of lower eye lobes; with one long, erect, dark seta close to lower eye lobes. Fronto-clypeal suture distinct laterally, gradually indistinct toward center. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Vertex moderately coarsely punctate (punctures more abundant between upper eye lobes, sparser toward area behind upper eye lobes); pubescence dense between antennal tubercles and closer to upper eye lobes, slightly sparser on remaining surface (partially rubbed in the holotype), not forming distinct bands. Area behind eyes moderately coarsely punctate close to eye, gradually finer, sparser toward prothoracic margin; tumid behind lower eye lobes; pubescence dense, obscuring integument (partially rubbed in the holotype). Antennal tubercles elevated in frontal view (Fig. 4); apex of inner side forming triangular lobe; minutely, moderately abundantly punctate; pubescence partially obscuring integument. Genae very finely, transversely striate-punctate except smooth area close to apex; pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous smooth area. Gula smooth, glabrous. Submentum with pubescence nearly obscuring integument, interspersed with some long, erect, dark setae. Postclypeus finely, moderately abundantly punctate centrally, gradually smooth toward sides; pubescence obscuring integument except on glabrous, narrow, longitudinal central area and sides, sparse on narrow transverse area close to anteclypeus; with long, erect, dark setae laterally on narrow transverse area close to anteclypeus. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on basal half, inclined on distal half; pubescence sparse (distinctly more abundant close to distal margin), interspersed with long, erect, dark setae, primarily on sides of basal half. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.12 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.18 times length of scape; upper eye lobes with 7 rows of ommatidia. Antennae 4.5 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere V; ventral side of scape, pedicel and antennomeres III–VI with long, erect dark setae, gradually shorter, sparser toward VI (on III and IV, about as long as diameter of antennomere); antennomeres VI–X with long, erect dark setae on apex; antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.98; pedicel = 0.07; IV = 1.01; V = 1.03; VI = 1.04; VII = 1.05; VIII = 1.11; IX = 1.11; X = 1.08; XI = 1.08.

Thorax. Prothorax 1.25 times longer than wide; with 6 longitudinal, wide, dense bands of pubescence (area between these bands with pubescence exposing integument, primarily on pronotum): two on center of pronotum; one on each side of pronotum; one on each side of prothorax close to prosternum. Pronotum with slightly elevated longitudinal gibbosity centrally, between basal and distal transverse sulci; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate. Sides of prothorax moderately finely punctate. Prosternum moderately finely, sparsely punctate close to procoxal cavities and base of prosternal process, smooth on remaining surface; with sparse pubescence laterally and on punctate area, nearly smooth on remaining surface. Prosternal process moderately finely, abundantly punctate; pubescence partially obscuring integument. Mesosternum and mesosternal process with pubescence partially obscuring integument; mesepisternum and mesepimeron fused, with pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous narrow band close to mesepisternum. Metepisternum with pubescence obscuring integument, except narrow band close to elytra with pubescence exposing integument. Metasternum laterally and close to mesocoxal cavities with band of pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous narrow band close to metepisternum; remaining surface with pubescence abundant, but not obscuring integument. Scutellum with pubescence abundant but not obscuring integument. Elytra. Moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal third, gradually finer, sparser toward apex; apex concavely truncate, with outer angle distinctly projected and sutural angle slightly projected; each elytron with 3 longitudinal bands of pubescence, fused near apex: innermost band gradually inclined toward suture (reaching suture at about midlength); central band narrower than the others, placed near elytral curvature; outermost band gradually inclined toward epipleura (reaching epipleura at about midlength). Legs. Protarsomeres I–III wide; meso- and metatarsomeres elongated; metatarsomere I as long as II– III together.

Abdomen. Ventrites with band of dense pubescence laterally, primarily on I–III; remaining surface with abundant pubescence, partially obscuring integument; ventrite V with short, erect, sparse setae, and apex concavely truncate.

Dimensions in mm. Total length, 11.40; prothorax: length, 2.05; anterior width, 1.50; posterior width, 1.60; largest prothoracic width, 1.65; humeral width, 2.15; elytral length, 7.65.

Type material. Holotype male from PANAMA, Darién: Darién National Park (Rancho Frio Station; 90 m; 8.0198°N / 77.7322°W, 1.VI.2015, B. Raber col. (TAMU).

Etymology. The new species is named after Brian Raber, collector of the holotype, colleague and personal friend of the third author.

Remarks. Hippopsis raberi sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with pronotum not transversely rugose and elytral apex concavely truncate. It resembles H. truncatella Bates, 1866, but differs primarily as follows: in frontal view, head proportionally wider (Fig. 4); vertex without distinct longitudinal bands of pubescence (Fig. 6); pronotal punctures coarser (Fig. 6); innermost longitudinal band of pubescence on elytra reaching suture (Fig. 1); protarsomeres I–III wider (Fig. 5). In H. truncatella, the head is proportionally narrower (Fig. 8), vertex with longitudinal bands of pubescence (Fig. 9), pronotal punctures finer (Fig. 9), innermost longitudinal band of pubescence on elytra not reaching suture (Fig. 7), and protarsomeres I–III distinctly narrower (Fig. 10).

Key to species of Hippopsis (translated from key of Martins and Galileo (2006) with new species included; species not included: H. insularis Breuning, 1962; H. lemniscata boliviana Breuning, 1962; and H. lineolatus Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825).

1. Pronotum transversely rugose........................................................................... 2

- Pronotum not transversely rugose....................................................................... 10

2(1). Prothorax with 4 longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence.....................................................3

- Prothorax with 6 or 7 longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence................................................ 6

3(2). Elytra with the longitudinal band of yellow pubescence, between the scutellum and humerus, continuous from base to apex; elytral apex concavely truncate, with outer spine............................................................ 4

- Elytra with this band ending distinctly before apex; elytral apex acuminate or obliquely truncate.......................5

4(3). Abdominal ventrite V without modifications; elytra with the longitudinal band of yellow pubescence, starting near scutellum, curved toward suture on anterior third, then following toward apex fused with suture; elytral apex with outer spine and sutural spicule; center of abdominal ventrites without longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence. Venezuela.................................................................................................. … H. assimilis Breuning, 1940

- Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V with spicule laterally; elytra with the longitudinal band of yellow pubescence, starting near scutellum, not curved toward suture throughout; center of abdominal ventrites with longitudinal band of yellow pubes- cence. Ecuador.......................................................... H. iuasanga Martins & Galileo, 2006

5(3). Elytral apex acuminate and projected into a long spine; apex of metafemora in male reaching distal margin of abdominal ven- trite I. Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas)........................................ H. fractilinea Bates, 1866

- Elytral apex obliquely truncate and projected into a short spine at outer angle; apex of metafemora in males reaching distal margin of abdominal ventrite II. Colombia, French Guiana, Ecuador.................... H. quadrivittata Breuning, 1940

6(2). Elytral apex with dark area (pubescence distinctly exposing integument). Ecuador, Bolivia............................................................................................... H. nigroapicalis Martins & Galileo, 2003

- Elytral apex without dark area........................................................................... 7

7(6). Prothorax with 7 bands of yellow pubescence, the centermost well-marked; elytral apex concavely truncate with outer angle with short spine. Panama, Colombia, Ecuador...................................... H. septemlineata Breuning, 1940

- Prothorax with 6 bands of yellow pubescence; elytral apex with long outer spine...................................8

8(7). Lateral band of yellow pubescence not close to metepisternum. Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)............................................................................ H. pradieri Guérin-Méneville, 1844

- Lateral band of yellow pubescence on metasternum close to metepisternum...................................... 9

9(8). Elytral apex with long spine at outer angle. Colombia......................... H. brevithorax Galileo & Martins, 2007

- Elytral apex with short spine at outer angle. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará)............................................................................ H. macrophthalma Breuning, 1940

10(1). Elytral apex concavely truncate, projected or with spine at outer angle, or with outer and sutural angles projected........ 11

- Elytral apex with another shape, rounded or distinctly spiniform...............................................20

11(10). Prothorax with indistinct longitudinal bands, nearly uniformly pubescent interspersed with traces of dark bands......... 12

- Prothorax with 5 or 6 longitudinal bands of yellow or yellowish-white pubescence.................................13

12(11). Elytra without distinct longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence, with reddish lateral area near midlength; elytral apex with dark area; upper eye lobes in males separated by distance equivalent to 1–2 ommatidia. Brazil (São Paulo)........................................................................................ H. rabida Galileo & Martins, 1988

- Elytra with distinct longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence; elytral apex without dark area; upper eye lobes in males slightly more distant from each other than the width of one lobe. Paraguay................. H. arriagadai Martins & Galileo, 2003

13(11). Prothorax with 5 longitudinal bands of yellowish or whitish pubescence........................................ 14

- Prothorax with 6 longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence................................................... 17

14(13). Elytral apex with dark area; central band on pronotum wide, involving narrow, glabrous and longitudinal area...........15

- Elytral apex without dark area; central band on pronotum narrow, not involving glabrous area....................... 16

15(14). Mesosternal process narrow (width equal to 1/3 of width of mesocoxa); elytra with longitudinal band that starts between scutellum and humerus ending far from apex; metatibiae in male tumid and subcylindrical. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)................................................................................. H. renodis Galileo & Martins, 1988

- Mesosternal process about half of the width of mesocoxa; elytra with band that starts between scutellum and humerus continuous from base to apex; metatibiae in males strongly globose. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina)...................................................................... H. femoralis Breuning, 1940

16(14). Upper eye lobes contiguous; inferior surface of scape with erect setae shorter than its basal diameter. Bolivia...................................................................................... H. ocularis Galileo & Martins, 1995

- Upper eye lobes not contiguous, separated by distance equivalent to 3 ommatidia; inferior surface of scape with erect setae as long as width of its basal diameter. Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)........................................................ H. quinquelineata Aurivillius, 1920

17(13). Elytral apex with dark area, preceded by macula with yellow pubescence. Ecuador, Bolivia, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará)............................................................................ H. apicalis (Bates, 1866)

- Elytral apex without dark area......................................................................... 18

18(17). Elytra longer than 5 times pronotal length. Brazil (Minas Gerais).................. H. brevicollis Martins & Galileo, 2003

- Elytra shorter than 5 times pronotal length................................................................ 19

19(18). Vertex without distinct longitudinal bands of pubescence (Fig. 6); pronotum coarsely punctate (Fig. 6); innermost longitudinal band of pubescence on elytra reaching suture (Fig. 1); protarsomeres I–III wide (Fig. 5). Panama........ H. raberi sp. nov.

- Vertex with longitudinal bands of pubescence (Fig. 9); pronotum finely punctate (Fig. 9); innermost longitudinal band of pubescence not reaching suture (Fig. 7); protarsomeres I–III narrow (Fig. 10). Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina)............................................................. H. truncatella Bates, 1866

20(10). Elytral apex rounded. Brazil (Santa Catarina).......................................... H. albicans Breuning, 1940

- Elytral apex acuminate............................................................................... 21

21(20). Erect setae on basal antennomeres sinuous and distinctly longer than width of the antennomere; elytral pubescence not forming distinct longitudinal bands......................................................................... 22

- Erect setae on basal antennomeres straight and shorter than width of antennomere; elytral pubescence with distinct longitudinal bands of pubescence...............................................................................23

22(21). Scape with erect setae on inferior surface; erect setae of antennomeres as long as 3 times width of the antennomere. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, Argentina (Buenos Aires, Santa Fé)............................... H. monachica Berg, 1889

- Scape without erect setae on inferior surface; erect setae of antennomeres twice as long as width of the antennomere. Argentina (Córdoba)...................................................................... H. pallida Carvalho, 1981

23(21). Each elytron with 2 longitudinal bands of yellow pubescence: one close to outer margin; another close to suture. Peru............................................................................... H. bivittata Martins & Galileo, 2003

- Each elytron with 3 longitudinal bands of yellow or white pubescence, visible primarily on distal half, or pubescence uniform (not organized in bands).............................................................................. 24

24(23). Central anterior region of metasternum with small tubercle....................................................25

- Central anterior region of metasternum without tubercle......................................................26

25(24). Body pubescence uniform; pronotum and elytra without longitudinal bands of pubescence; upper eye lobes in females with 6 rows of ommatidia. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás).............................. H. campaneri Martins & Galileo, 1998

- Body pubescence organized in bands on prothorax and elytra; upper eye lobes in both sexes with 5 rows of ommatidia. Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Argentina (Formosa, Tucumán, Misiones)............................................................. H. tuberculata Galileo & Martins, 1988

26(24). Prothorax with 7 longitudinal bands of yellowish-white pubescence............................................ 27

- Prothorax with 6 longitudinal bands of yellowish-white pubescence............................................. 28

27(26). Scutellum covered with yellow pubescence; elytral apex rounded. Brazil................. H. septemvittata Breuning, 1940

- Scutellum covered with short, sparse yellowish-white pubescence; elytral apex obliquely truncate, with short spine at outer angle. Eastern United States of America to Texas, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua............................................................................................. H. lemniscata lemniscata (Fabricius, 1801)

28(26). Integument reddish; bands of whitish pubescence slightly distinct on elytra. Brazil (Maranhão, Pernambuco, Bahia).............................................................................. H. fratercula Galileo & Martins, 1988

- Integument reddish-brown or brown; elytral bands of yellowish-white pubescence distinct........................... 29

29(28). Upper eye lobes with 6 or more rows of ommatidia..........................................................30

- Upper eye lobes with 5 or fewer rows of ommatidia.........................................................32

30(29). The 3 longitudinal bands of whitish pubescence on elytra with the same width. Brazil (São Paulo)............................................................................................... H. tibialis Martins & Galileo, 2003

- Central band of yellowish-white pubescence on elytra narrower than the others................................... 31

31(30). Elytral apex obliquely truncate, with short spine at outer angle; abdominal ventrite I in male without modifications. Bolivia, Brazil (Pará)...................................................................... H. griseola Bates, 1966

- Elytral apex acuminate; abdominal ventrite I in male with central area with differentiated pubescence. Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Maranhão, Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina).............. H. pubiventris Galileo & Martins, 1988

32(29). Prosternal and mesosternal processes covered with yellow pubescence, long and directed toward posterior area; male: center of metasternum with long yellow setae, preceded by glabrous, narrow area. Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Paraguay, Argentina (Tucumán, Catamarca, Salta)............................................................. H. pertusa Galileo & Martins, 1988

- Prosternal and mesosternal processes with normal pubescence; males without differentiated setae on center of metasternum.....................................................................................................33

33(32). Ventral surface densely punctate, including on abdominal ventrites.............................................34

- Ventral surface with punctures more concentrated on thoracic segments; abdominal ventrites impunctate...............37

34(33). Sutural and second longitudinal bands of pubescence on elytra separated by narrow, brownish line on basal half, fused from midlength. Brazil (Bahia)................................................... H. araujoi Martins & Galileo, 2006

- Sutural and second longitudinal bands of pubescence on elytra separated by brownish line from base to distal fifth.......35

35(34). Abdominal ventrite I in male without differentiated pubescence. United States of America, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua......................................................... H. lemniscata lemniscata (Fabricius, 1801)

- Central area of abdominal ventrite I in male with differentiated pubescence.......................................36

36(35). Upper eye lobes as far apart as twice the width of a lobe; metatibiae thickened and curved. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais)............................................................................... H. densepunctata Breuning, 1940

- Upper eye lobes as far apart as the width of a lobe; metatibiae thickened and straight. Brazil (Tocantins).......................................................................................... H. mourai Martins & Galileo, 1994

37(33). Metatarsomere I as long as II–III together................................................................. 38

- Metatarsomere I shorter than II–III together............................................................... 39

38(37). Integument reddish; elytral apex obliquely truncate. Guiana, Brazil (Maranhão)........ H. minima Galileo & Martins, 1988

- Integument brownish; elytral apex acuminate. Argentina (Salta)............................ H. gilmouri Breuning, 1962

39(37). Metafemora in male fusiform, without basal notch or long setae in this area. Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná), Argentina (Chaco, Misiones)...................................................... H. prona Bates, 1866

- Metafemora in male narrowed toward apex, with basal notch and long setae in this area.............................40

40(39). Abdominal ventrite I in male with diamond-shaped depression, with tubercle at center of sides; pronotal disc and base of elytra in female with juxtaposed punctures (some of them confluent). Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Chiapas), El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, French Guiana.......... H. meinerti Aurivillius, 1900

- Abdominal ventrite I in male without large depression, nearly reaching posterior margin; pronotal disc and base of elytra in female with sparser punctures. Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela...................... H. freyi Breuning, 1955