Tettigometra (Stirometra) costulata Fieber 1865

Tettigometra (Stirometra) costulata Fieber, 1865

(Figs 13a–b and 30)

Tettigometra costulata Fieber, 1865: 572

T. costulata Fieber: Melichar (1902), Dlabola (1971, 1972, 1981), Nast (1972) [listed], Behdad (1988), Rajabi (1989), Mirzayans (1995), Abaii (2000), Lashkari et al. (2009), Mozaffarian and Taghizadeh (2010), Mozaffarian & Wilson (2011), Mozaffarian (2014).

Material examined. Alborz province: Karaj, 30.ix.1974, 17,27.vii.1971, 9.x.1975, leg. Sabzevari, 9 specimens (HMIM), Taleghan, Lanbaran, 1850m, 29.viii.1996, leg. Badii / Barari / Sarafrazi, 2 specimens (HMIM), Malard, 30.v.1971, leg. Sabzevari, 1 specimen (HMIM); Ardabil province: 10 Km W. Khalkhal, 8–9.vii.2002, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 2 specimens (NMWC), Firouzabad, 9.viii.2002, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi province: Khalkhal-Givi, 22.vii–4.viii.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Khalkhal, 30.vii.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Saray, 14–15.vii.2004, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Bushehr province: nr Bandar-e Genaveh, 23–24.iv.2007, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Chahar mahal va Bakhtiari province: Ben, Gerdab, inside city, 2064m, 32° 32’N 50° 44’E, 20.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM); Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province: Ardel, Gahru, Tang–e Zeverdegan, 2347m, 31° 59’N 50° 51’E, 23. VI.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM); Esfahan provice: Kashan, Ghohrud, Junian, 2000 m, 12–13.vi.1984, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1 specimen (HMIM), Kashan, Tahagh, 2000m, 14–15.vi.1984, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 6 specimens (HMIM); Khansar, Golestankuh, 33° 10’N 50° 24’E, 2587m, 20.vii.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM); Ghamsar, Ghazaan, 2 224m, 14.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM); Natanz, Abyaneh, 2253m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM); Fars province: Estahban, 10–11.vi.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Shiraz, 29°37’N 52°31’E, 11.vi.2007, leg. Farashiani, 1 specimen (HMIM), Tang-e Bostanak, 8–9.vi.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Tang-e Bostanak, 8–9.vi.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Zargan, Bamoo Nat. Park, 13–14.vi.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 2 specimens (NMWC), Zargan, Bamoo National Park, 13–14.vi.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 6 specimens (NMWC), Ghom province: Ghom, 34°38’N 50°53’E, 1.viii, 10.x.1974, leg. Farzaneh, 2 specimens (HMIM); Gilan province: Ganjeh, 14.v.–13.vi.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 5 specimens (NMWC), Irandeh, 6–8.vii.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Manjil, 22.ix.1998, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Tonekabon– Rudbad, 26.5–viii.7.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 3 specimens (NMWC), Tonekabon–Rudbad, 6–12.vi.2002, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Tonekabon-Rudbar, 29.v–28.vi.1995, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Sangrud, 20.ix.1998, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC) Golestan province: Agh Ghala, 3–4 m, 37° 4’N 54° 28’E, 37°1’N 54°26’E, 29.v.2003, leg. Leg. Lashkari, 5 specimens (HMIM); Alagol, 12–13.vii.2003, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 2 specimens (NMWC), Incheborun, 22.vii.2005, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), nr. Azadshahr, 11–12.vii.2006, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Hormozgan province: Geno mountain, Baghe-Tang, 470m, 7–8.v.1977, leg. Pazuki, 1 specimen (HMIM); Kerman province: Jiroft, Esfandagheh Rd., 1685m, 28°41’46.3’’N 57°19’30.2’’E, 29.iv.2012, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM), Jiroft, Mohamadabad, 3–4.v.1973, leg. Borumand, 1 specimen (HMIM); Kerman province: Sarcheshmeh, 19.v.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Khorasan-e Razavi province: Dargaz, 15.vi.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 10 specimens (NMWC), Khalkanlu, 30 K. E. Ghuchan, 7.vi.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 14 specimens (NMWC), Khargh, 70 km SW Quchan, 8–9.vi.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), nr. Sabzevar, 3.vi.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 8 specimens (NMWC), Shourlogh, 35 km SW. Sarakhs, 30.iv.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Khorasan-e Shomali province: Nodeh, 30–40km ESE Bojnurd, 11.vii.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 3 specimens (NMWC), Zard, 100 km WNW Bojnurd, 13.vii.1994, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC); Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad, 2 specimens (HMIM), Kuhgol Fal., 3022m, 30° 52’N 51° 31’E, 15.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM); Markazi province: 5 km Gharghabad, 1 570 m, 35° 6’N 49° 46’E, 15.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM), Saveh, 17.vi.1999, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 specimen (HMIM), Saveh, 25.vi.1982, 21.x.1998, leg. Farzaneh, 3 specimens (HMIM), Markazi province: Varcheh, nr. Arak, 3–4.vi.2005, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 8 specimens (NMWC); Semnan province: 20 Km SW. Biarjomand, 13–14.v.1996, leg. R. Linnavuori, 2 specimens (NMWC), Semnan, 16–17.vii.2005, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), Semnan, 23.vii.2004, leg. R. & S. Linnavuori, 2 specimens (NMWC); Sistan va Baluchestan province: Khash-Sardya Rd., Hajiabad, 1538m, 28°23’3’’ N 61°11’11.7’’E, 23.iv.2012, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 specimen (HMIM), Tehran, Evin, 16.viii.1972, 17.vi.1971, 25–27.vii.1971, leg. Sabzevari, 13 specimens (HMIM); Zanjan province: Mamalan, 4 – 6.vi. 2 0 0 2, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC), nr. Mamalan, 12–14.v.2001, leg. R. Linnavuori, 1 specimen (NMWC).

Distribution and habitat. North Africa, Southern Europe, Yugoslavia, Transcaucasia, Northern parts of Western Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia (Mozaffarian & Wilson, 2011). The species has a rather general distribution in Iran (Fig. 30), being in accordance with the rather wide range of distribution of the species in Palaearctic, from north Africa to central Asia. Dlabola (1981, 1971) mentioned this species as an arboreal– pontomediterranean and transeremian faunal element. The species has been recorded from steppes in mountains, on broad leaf plants such as Acer, Quercus, in vineyards and gardens with Citrus, palm and pomegranate and on Tamarix from 220 m to 2000 m elevation in Iran (Dlabola 1981) and from 4 m to 3022 m elevation in this study. The wide range of the recorded elevation for this species, along with its wide geographic distribution in various latitudes are remarkable. Possible occurence of cryptic species among the populations of this taxon or its high ability for adapting to very different environmental biotopes need to be investigated more throughly. The species is also reported as a ‘pest ‘ on Quercus in Northern and Western Iran (Abaii 2000) but no record was found to confirm any economic damage caused by this species.