Salvia undetermined

Identification key to Salvia species in Sinaloa, Mexico

1. Plants with branched hairs along the stems and/or the leaves............................................................................................................2

1. Plants with simple or glandular hairs or glabrous along the stems and leaves...................................................................................4

2. Calyx 8–10.8 mm long, densely lanose with red-ochre to yellowish or violet branched hairs......................................... S. lasiantha

2. Calyx 3.4–6.4 mm long, glabrous or covered with short whitish hairs..............................................................................................3

3. Leaves oblong-ovate, cuneate; anterior portion of corolla tube and lips covered with branched hairs; connective ornate with an anterior obtuse tooth (geniculate) near ventral midpoint; mericarps densely covered with branched hairs................... S. goldmanii

3. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, base rounded, truncate to short cuneate; anterior portion of corolla tube and lips pilose with simple hairs; connective ornate with a retrorse acute tooth near ventral midpoint; mericarps glabrous........................................ S. palmeri

4. Upper calyx lip 3-veined or with the veins obscure in the upper half portion of the calyx...............................................................5

4. Upper calyx lip 5 or 7-veined, the veins conspicuous......................................................................................................................21

5. Calyx truncate at apex; stamens long exserted from the upper corolla lip.........................................................................................6

5. Calyx with the lips acute or long caudate; stamens included under the upper corolla lip.................................................................7

6. Calyx 2.7–3.5(–4.8) mm long; corolla magenta to pink, tube 11–13(–18) mm long........................................................ S. iodantha

6. Calyx 1.8–2.3 mm long; corolla whitish, pale pink to pale violet, tube 5–6.2 mm long....................................... S. trichostephana *

7. Corolla pink to magenta.....................................................................................................................................................................8

7. Corolla light to dark blue or entirely white......................................................................................................................................10

8. Veins obscure in the anterior half portion of the calyx, lips connivent in fructification, mericarps covered with sessile glands..................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. pringlei

8. Veins conspicuous along the calyx, lips not connivent in fructification, mericarps smooth and glabrous........................................9

9. Calyx (3–)7.5–10.1(–20) × (3.2–) 4.6–8.2 mm; corolla tube (3.1–) 5.4–8.7 mm wide, invaginate near the base, internally ornate with a couple bolds at the invagination near the base; connective 2.5–3 cm long; style (1.6–) 3.6–5 cm long........................ S. mexicana

9. Calyx (4–)5–6.2 × 1.6–2.1 mm; corolla tube 3.6–4.6 mm wide, not invaginated near the base, internally ornate with a pair of papillae near the base; connective 11.9–15.8 mm long; style 2.4–3 cm long................................................................... S. purpurea

10. Inflorescence in cylindrical racemes, compact, the flowers and floral bracts hiding the axis; style with a swollen portion at the base as a stylopodium, persistent even in fruit......................................................................................................................... S. hispanica

10. Inflorescence in lax or moniliform racemes, or if cylindrical and compact in a portion, several basal verticillasters separate along the axis, the latter not totally hidden by the flowers and floral bracts; style without a swollen portion at the base........................11

11. Calyx 7.6–20 mm long; corolla tube 11.6–29.4 mm long................................................................................................................12

11. Calyx (2.3–)3–6.2(–9) mm long; corolla tube 3–8(–9.7) mm long..................................................................................................13

12. Inflorescence 17–30(–50) cm long; floral bracts 5.4–14(–20) × 1.7–9.7 mm; calyx lips not connivent and occluding entrance to the mericarps, veins conspicuous in the upper half portion of the calyx; corolla without white nectar guides on the lower lip, tube (3.4–) 5.4–8.7 mm wide, base invaginated, upper lip (6.3–)14.3–22.9 long, lower lip (5.9–) 12.2–18 mm long; mericarps glabrous and smooth........................................................................................................................................................................ S. mexicana

12. Inflorescence 1.6–5(–7.4) cm long; floral bracts (1.7–)3–6 × (0.5–) 0.7–1.5 mm; calyx lips connivent and occluding entrance to the mericarps, veins obscure in the upper calyx portion; corolla with white nectar guides on the lower lip, tube 2.4–3.6 mm wide, base not invaginated, upper lip 4.8–6.6 mm long, lower lip (4.6–) 7.7–8.2 mm long; mericarps covered by sessile glands............................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. beltraniorum

13. Upper corolla lip entirely reposing on the lower one and hence hiding the throat; lower stigmatic branch truncate and dorsoventrally incurved-concave....................................................................................................................................................... S. lavanduloides

13. Corolla lips divergent and exposing the throat; lower stigmatic branch acute and dorsoventrally flat...........................................14

14. Calyx lips truncate to subtruncate; corolla tube internally ornate with one or two pairs of papillae near the base; corolla lips subequal in length or the lower shorter than the upper one..............................................................................................................15

14. Calyx lips acute to long caudate; corolla tube internally epapillate near the base; upper corolla lip shorter than the lower one..................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

15. Calyx 1.6–3.3(–4.4) mm long; corolla white; mericarps 0.6–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm.................................................................. S. decora

15. Calyx (2.3–)3–4.2(–6) mm long; corolla blue with white nectar guides on the lower lip; mericarps 1–1.1 × 0.6–0.9 mm....................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. polystachya

16. Deciduous floral bracts.....................................................................................................................................................................17

16. Persistent floral bracts......................................................................................................................................................................19

17. Corolla tube inserted in the calyx, 3–3.5(–5) × 1–1.7 mm, upper lip 1.2–1.6(–2.5) mm long, lower lip 2–3 × 2–2.6 mm; connective 1.5–2.6 mm long; style 4–5 mm long.................................................................................................................................. S. tiliifolia

17. Corolla tube exerted from the calyx, (5–)5.2–7.3(–8) × 2.4–3.2 mm, upper lip (3.3–) 4–5.8 mm long, lower lip (4–)5–7.3(–9.7) × 2.5–3.2 mm; connective 4.4–7.2(–9) mm long; style (7–) 8–11.7 mm long.....................................................................................18

18. Leaf blade base cuneate to long attenuate; floral bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.6–9.5 × 0.8–2.3(–3.7) mm, apex caudate; mericarps 0.8–1.2 mm long.......................................................................................................................................... S. longispicata

18. Leaf blade base rounded to short cuneate; floral bract triangular, ovate, narrow lanceolate to orbicular, 1.1–2.6(–4.3) × 1–1.4(–2) mm, apex acuminate; mericarps 1.1–1.5 mm long............................................................................................................... S. roscida

19. Leaf margin finely serrate, usually at least with 20 teeth per side; corolla tube (5–)5.6–7(–8) mm long; connective 4.5–7.2 mm long; style (7–) 10–11.2 mm long......................................................................................................................................... S. roscida

19. Leaf margin coarsely serrate, less than 10 teeth per side; corolla tube 4.1–5.8 mm long; connective 4–5 mm long; style 6.9–8.6 mm long...................................................................................................................................................................................................20

20. Floral axis short pilose; floral bract 1.2–3.3(–6) mm long; calyx 2.7–3(–4) mm wide, upper lip 3-veined; lower corolla lip 6.2–7.4 mm long; growing mainly in tropical deciduous forests, tropical subdeciduous forests and savannoid vegetation.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. languidula

20. Floral axis glabrous except by the base of the verticillasters which is short pilose; floral bract (2.2–) 4.8–8.3 mm long; calyx 1.8–2.7 mm wide, upper lip 3 or 5-veined; lower corolla lip 4.6–5 mm long; growing mainly in oak and pine oak forests.................. S. sp.

21. Calyx and corolla yellow, lower corolla lip incurved-concave....................................................................................... S. madrensis

21. Calyx green, yellowish-green to bluish or purplish green, corolla white, blue, violet, purple, or red, lower corolla lip patent or reflexed.............................................................................................................................................................................................22

22. Persistent floral bract........................................................................................................................................................................23

22. Deciduous floral bract......................................................................................................................................................................28

23. Floral bract suborbicular, ovate to reniform, (3.5–)6–17(–25) mm wide.........................................................................................24

23. Floral bract ovate to lanceolate, 0.7–1.9(–4.1) mm wide.................................................................................................................26

24. Floral bract 10–25 × 17–25 mm; pedicel 0–0.8 mm long; calyx 9.5–12 × 3.6–4 mm, upper calyx lip cucullate; corolla tube violet to magenta, the lips dark blue to purple; connective 7–7.2 mm long, ornate ventrally with an oblong antrorse tooth; style 15.5–19 mm long; mericarp 2.7–2.9 × 1.5–1.7 mm............................................................................................................... S. clinopodioides

24. Floral bract (3.5–)6–12(–15) mm; pedicel 1.4–3.6 mm long; calyx (1.6–)3.5–8.6 × (1.6–) 3.5–4.6 mm, upper calyx lip not cucullate; corolla tube and lips light blue; connective 2–5.2 mm long, ornate ventrally with a retrorse acute or rounded tooth; style (3.6–) 5– 9.1 mm long; mericarp 0.5–2.3 × 0.5–1.4 mm.................................................................................................................................25

25. Annual herb, 0.2–0.7(–1) m tall; leaf blade (1.7–) 3–7 cm long, base rounded, truncate to oblique; pedicel 1.4–1.9 mm long; calyx (1.6–)3.5–4(–5.1) × 1.5–1.9(–2.3) mm; corolla tube 2.5–3(–3.5) 1–2.4 mm, internally epapillate near the base, upper lip 1–1.5(–3) mm long, lower lip (2.6–)3–4(–5) × 2.6–4(–5.8) mm; connective 2–2.4 mm long; style (3.6–) 5–5.5 mm long; mericarp lenticular, 0.5–0.7(–1) mm long, brightly black........................................................................................................................... S. lasiocephala

25. Shrub, 1–2.2(–3) m tall; leaf blade 6–17 cm long, cuneate to long attenuate; pedicel 2.9–3.6 mm long; calyx (7.2–)8–8.6 × 4–4.6 mm; corolla tube 5.5–6.5 3.4–3.7 mm, internally ornate with a pair of papillae near the base, upper lip 3–4.5(–6) mm long, lower lip (6.5–)7.5–11 × 7.2–11 mm; connective 4.5–5.2 mm long; style 8.3–9.1 mm long; mericarp ovoid, (1.7–) 2.2–2.3 mm long, light brown irregularly marbled with a darker tone.......................................................................................................... S. sanctae-luciae

26. Petiole 23–38 mm long; leaf blade 5.2–8.2 mm long; corolla tube invaginate at the base; connective 4.8–5 mm long, ventrally ornate with an acute retrorse tooth; lower stigmatic branch acute and dorsoventrally flat......................................................... S. sp.

26. Petiole (0.7–) 3.7–10 mm long; leaf blade 0.8–4.2(–9.8) cm long; corolla tube straight at the base; connective 1.5–4 mm long, ventrally ornate with an obtuse antrorse tooth; lower stigmatic branch truncate and dorsoventrally incurved-concave................27

27. Floral axis with glandular-capitate hairs; floral bract 1.2–6.2 × 1–1.9 mm; pedicel 0.8–1.7 mm long; corolla tube 2.4–3.2 × (0.9–) 1.1–1.7 mm, upper lip 1.5–2.1 mm long, lower lip 2.2–3.2 × 1.4–1.8 mm; connective 1.5–2.3 mm long; style 2.4–4.3 mm long................................................................................................................................................................................................ S. misella

27. Floral axis hirsute with simple hairs; floral bract 6.3–8.7(–10) × 2.2–4.1 mm; pedicel 2.1–4 mm long; corolla tube 5.3–5.6 × 3–3.8 mm, upper lip 3.2–3.9 mm long, lower lip 9.1–11.3 × 9.6–11 mm; connective 3.5–4 mm long; style 7–8 mm long................................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. monantha

28. Bracteoles present at the base of each pedicel; lower stigmatic branch sigmoid.............................................................................29

28. Bracteoles absent; lower stigmatic branch acute..............................................................................................................................30

29. Petiole (0.5–) 3–6.2 mm long; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; floral bract 1–1.2 mm wide; calyx 2–2.7 mm wide, upper lip 5-veined; mericarp 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 mm.................................................................................................. S. alamosana

29. Petiole (2–) 9.2–23 mm long; leaf blade ovate to rhombic deltoid; floral bract 1.5–3 mm wide; calyx 2.7–3.9 mm wide, upper lip 7-veined; mericarp (1–)1.6–2 × 1.4–1.6 mm.......................................................................................................................... S. crucis

30. Corolla red, pink or magenta, tube (15–)19–40(–44) mm long; connective ornate with a retrorse acute tooth..............................31

30. Corolla white, light to dark blue or purple, tube 4.6–10.2 mm long; connective ornate with an antrorse obtuse tooth..................34

31. Calyx 3.8–6.6 mm long, upper lip 3-dentate; corolla tube 3–5.5 mm wide.....................................................................................32

31. Calyx 8–25(–30) mm long, upper lip entire; corolla tube 5.9–10(–12) mm wide...........................................................................33

32. Upper calyx lip long caudate, the cauda twice as long as the spiny teeth of the lobes of the lower lip; stamens exserted more than 3 mm from the upper corolla lip................................................................................................................................... S. cinnabarina

32. Upper calyx lip spiny dentate, or if caudate, the cauda as long as the spiny teeth of the lower lip lobes; stamens inserted, or less than 2.5 mm exserted from the upper corolla lip................................................................................................................. S. elegans

33. Leaf blade (3–)5.3–10.3(–16) cm long; floral bract (0.6–)0.7–2(–2.4) cm long; pedicel 5–10 mm long; calyx (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3) cm long; corolla tube 3.2–4(–4.4) cm long, upper lip 1.6–2.1(–2.5) cm long; connective (1.9–) 2–2.6 cm long; style 4.7–5.9(–6.6) cm long.............................................................................................................................................................................. S. gesneriiflora

33. Leaf blade 1–2.5(–3.8) cm long; floral bract 0.3–0.9 mm long; pedicel 2–4.5 mm long; 0.8–1.6 cm long; corolla tube 1.5–2.1 cm long, upper lip 0.6–1.1 cm long; connective 0.9–1.4 cm long; style 2–2.6(–2.8) cm long.......................................... S. microphylla

34. Style keeping the same width all along, sparsely pilose along both dorsal and ventral lines, patent..............................................35

34. Style dorsoventrally swollen toward the apex, dorsally covered near the stigmatic branches by a dense tuft of hairs oriented to one side....................................................................................................................................................................................................36

35. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–3.5(–5) cm long; floral bract 3–4(–5) × 1.5–2.5 mm; calyx 5–6 mm long; corolla light blue to slightly pale violet, tube 6–7 × 2–3 mm, upper lip (2.4–)3–4(–4.5) mm long, lower lip 3–6.5 mm long; connective (3.5–)4–5; style 7–7.5 mm long.................................................................................................................................. S. aequidistans

35. Leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (5.5–) 8–10.5 mm long; floral bract 5.3–6.8 × (2.3–) 3.6–4.5 mm; calyx 6.9–8.1 mm long; corolla white, tube 8.5–10.2 × 3.5–4.5 mm, upper lip 5.3–6.2 mm long, lower lip 6.2–8.5(–10) mm; connective 5.8–6 mm long; style 11.2–11.5 mm long.............................................................................................................................................. S. sphacelifolia

36. Perennial herbs or subshrubs (0.7–) 1–2 m tall; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-ovate, basal half portion attenuate; upper calyx lip 5- veined............................................................................................................................................................................... S. rostellata

36. Perennial herbs 0.4–0.8 m tall; leaf blade rounded, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic to rhombic-ovate, base truncate to cuneate or attenuate; upper calyx lip 7-veined..............................................................................................................................................37

37. Herb semipostrate or procumbent; petiole 1.8–7.2 mm long; floral axis and calyx densely hirsute with eglandular and glandular hairs, upper calyx lip entire; lower corolla lip 4.9–8.2 mm wide; connective 4–5.6 mm long; mericarp 2.4–2.5 mm long......................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. assurgens

37. Herb erect; petiole (8–) 10–30 mm long; flora axis covered with retrorse hairs, rarely with some erect glandular hairs, calyx sparsely hirsute with eglandular hairs, rarely some glandular, upper calyx lip 3-dentate; lower corolla lip 8–13.8 mm wide; connective 4.7–9 mm long; mericarp 1.4–2.2 mm long........................................................................................................................... S. prunelloides