The role of microbiota in pathogenesis and development of viral infections

Maksymowicz Marcela, Ręka Gabriela, Machowiec Piotr, Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina. The role of microbiota in pathogenesis and development of viral infections. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(12):320-326. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.12.025

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.12.025

https://zenodo.org/record/5803082

The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 1, 2021. No. 32343.

Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).

Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 1 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.

Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe:Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).

© The Authors 2021;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Received: 09.12.2021. Revised: 23.12.2021. Accepted: 24.12.2021.

The role of microbiota in pathogenesis and development of viral infections

Marcela Maksymowicz¹, ORCID: 0000-0003-2611-1609, marcela.maksymowicz@gmail.com

Gabriela Ręka¹, ORCID: 0000-0001-9728-5281,

gabrysia.reka@gmail.com

Piotr Machowiec¹ ORCID: 0000-0002-5418-0110,

piotr.machowiec1997@gmail.com

Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna², ORCID: 0000-0002-0573-7226,

halpiec@gmail.com

¹Students’ Scientific Association of Chair and Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin

²Chair and Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin

Abstract

Introduction and purpose

The microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism, immune system, and development of many chronic diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. The aim of the study is to present the role of gut microbiota in viral infections, including HBV, Herpesviridae, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. The newest publications from the last 5 years available on the PubMed database were taken into account.

A brief description of the state of knowledge

The mechanism by which bacterias have an impact on viral infection is based on a synthesis of specific short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modulation of cytokine release and immune system function by bacterias. Domination of Gardnerella vaginalis and lack of Lactobacillus in the vaginal microbiome increased the risk of HSV-2 infection in women. Inflammation of the genital tract can influence susceptibility to HIV infection, but probiotics via enhancement of the gut barrier integrity, change TH17/Treg ratio, can restore microbiome composition. LPS - component of the structure of Gram-negative bacteria can be a marker of HBV infection. In the airway microbiome of patients with COVID-19 opportunistic microorganisms were identified.

Conclusions

Diet, intake of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are interventions that might be efficient methods in prophylaxis and treatment of viral diseases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of action of microbiome in pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

Key words: microbiota, dysbiosis, virus infection, HIV, SARS-CoV-2